Forgetfulness can depend on the time of day. Free Technical Library News

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Forgetfulness can depend on the time of day

15.12.2021

Every time you can't remember something, there are two main reasons - either you didn't put enough effort into remembering the information (for example, the name of the person you were introduced to a minute ago), or the information is stored in your brain , but at that moment you cannot get it (as it happens, for example, with the words of your favorite song that you somehow forgot).

Many scientists are studying how memories are formed. The biology of forgetting is difficult to study, because it is very difficult to distinguish between two phenomena: when you know something, but at a certain moment you cannot remember, and when you really forgot it, that is, the information was erased from your brain.

For the study, a team of scientists from Satoshi Kida University of Tokyo chose young male and female mice. In the learning phase, the scientists asked the mice to explore a new object for a minute. In the next phase, the scientists observed how long they touched the object when it was shown to them again. If the mice had already seen the object, they needed less time to contact it. Scientists were interested in how long the mice would touch the object at different times of the day.

The scientists conducted this experiment with healthy mice and mice without the BMAL1 protein, which regulates the expression of a number of genes. It is known that BMAL1 is regulated by circadian rhythms - its concentration is lowest before awakening and highest before falling asleep.

Specialists used the so-called Zeitgeber - the body's natural biological clock. The sleep of the mice fell on the Zeitgeber time from 1 to 12, and vigor - from 12 to 24. The "learning" phase was carried out according to the Zeitgeber time 10, and the recall - at the time 4. It turned out that the mice that were "trained" just before how they normally woke up, and tested after they went to bed, recognized the object. However, mice that were "trained" at the same time but tested 24 hours later no longer recognized it.

Healthy mice and mice without BMAL1 showed similar results, however mice without BMAL1 were especially forgetful before waking up by Zeitgeber time. From the study, the scientists concluded that mice do not recognize an object that they have seen and know exactly before, if they are awakened from sleep just on the eve of their natural awakening.

Interpretation of the results of the study links BMAL1 to the activation of dopamine receptors and other signaling molecules in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that is responsible, in part, for the formation of memories.

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Lamppost of the XNUMXst century 01.07.2002

At the "Lighting + Architecture" exhibition held in April this year in Germany, the inventor J. Doda from Nigeria presented a street lamp of the near future.

During the day, the flashlight accumulates solar energy in batteries, and this can also happen on a cloudy day. At night, a highly economical xenon lamp is powered by the battery. The self-diagnostic system detects when a lamp is close to burnout and calls electricians via email or cell phone. In the event of an attempt by hooligans to break a pole or a car colliding with it, the lamp transmits video footage of the incident to the police.

Such a lantern will cost quite a lot - about 9800 euros, so it is planned to place advertising on each pole, which will gradually pay off the costs.

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