A plant with genes from one parent was obtained. Free Technical Library News

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Received a plant with genes from one parent

27.11.2021

Scientists from the University of California Davis (USA) were able to remove half the genome from a plant. This mechanism makes it easier and faster to develop crops with desired properties, such as disease resistance.

Plants that reproduce sexually inherit the appropriate set of chromosomes from each parent. In order to pass on a favorable trait, such as pest or drought resistance, to all their offspring, a plant must have the same genetic variant on each chromosome. To create a plant that reproduces in this way, as a rule, it is necessary to cross more than one generation.

Back in 2010, researchers discovered a way to eliminate the genetic contribution of one parent when growing a laboratory plant, Tal's clover. They modified a protein called CENH3 found in the centromere, a structure at the center of the chromosome. When they tried to cross a wild-type Tal's arachnid with plants modified with CENH3, they got a generation and a half of the normal number of chromosomes. Part of the genome of one parent has been removed to create a haploid plant.

This development has made it possible to achieve the same result for crops such as corn, wheat and tomatoes.

Subsequently, it was not possible to accurately reproduce this mechanism. But now scientists from the UC Davis Genome Center are getting closer to the puzzle. They were able to modify the CENH3 protein so that it was removed from the DNA in the female gamete before fertilization, weakening the centromere.

"In subsequent embryonic divisions, CENH3-depleted centromeres contributed by the egg cannot compete with CENH3-rich centromeres contributed by sperm, and the female genome is deleted," the authors noted.

The discovery could help shorten crop selection time in the future.

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