Purification of drinking water from drugs. Free Technical Library News

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Purification of drinking water from drugs

23.11.2021

Researchers at the University of Johannesburg have developed a method for monitoring wastewater. It helps detect antiretroviral drugs that are prescribed for HIV and AIDS.

Wastewater treatment plants cannot remove pharmaceuticals that enter rivers from wastewater. Often people flush the tablets down the toilet, in addition, they enter the wastewater with urine or feces (a certain amount of the drug is not absorbed, but excreted by the body).

A new study has found a simple and fast way to detect antiretroviral drugs. The method involves the production of an environmentally friendly adsorbent, which takes about two days. A modified composite with activated carbon alginate is used as a sorbent. The porous structure, large surface area and many functional groups make the adsorbent suitable for efficient adsorption of target analytes.

Water samples are pre-concentrated before analysis. Water samples are taken from the river upstream and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant, which is the most efficient method.

It is expected that such a purification method will allow the removal of toxic microimpurities in drinking water.

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Dark matter can heat planets from the inside 01.04.2021

Astronomers have suggested that dark matter accumulates in the depths of massive exoplanets and its presence can be detected by an increase in their temperature.

It is believed that most of the mass of galaxies falls not on stars, planets and gas clouds, but on dark matter. Its presence is detected by the gravitational influence on ordinary matter - stars, gas, and so on. It is believed that under the influence of dark matter, a large-scale structure of the Universe is formed, galaxies are born and evolve, surrounding them with an extensive "dark halo". However, dark matter does not participate in any other form of fundamental interactions, apart from gravitational ones.

It does not emit or absorb electromagnetic waves, so it remains invisible to our telescopes. Astrophysicists are still arguing about what particles it consists of, where and how best to look for them. Yuri Smirnov of Ohio University and Rebecca Leane of Stanford propose a new line of research - in the cores of exoplanets.

Indeed, earlier hypotheses were put forward that dark matter clots can accumulate in the centers of heavy and dense celestial bodies - primarily neutron stars. A similar thing is possible for sufficiently large and massive exoplanets - and under its influence, the cores of such planets should additionally heat up. According to scientists, the elevated temperature may indicate the presence of dark matter inside. In order for this weak signal to be seen, the exoplanet must be large and as cold as possible.

Therefore, she should be very old and be as far away from her star as possible in order to have time to cool down as much as possible - otherwise, according to Smirnov, it will be "difficult to see a candle against the backdrop of a forest fire." Even better, if the planet formed in a system closer to the center of the Galaxy, where the density of dark matter is greater than at the periphery. And ideally, it should be an "orphan planet", thrown out of its star system and flying freely through the empty and cold spaces of the Galaxy.

Scientists estimate that for such an exoplanet with a mass of 14 Jupiter masses, the annihilation of dark matter particles should increase the temperature by 250-500 kelvins. If we can take "bulk" measurements of the temperature of such exoplanets and distribute them on a map of the Milky Way, then we can see if it rises closer to the center. Such a signal will be an indication of the presence of the long-awaited dark matter in them.

The authors believe that it is quite possible to make the necessary observations. The James Webb and Nancy Grace RST space telescopes, which are preparing to launch in 2021 and 2025, respectively, will be able to do this.

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