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Spider venom will save you from a heart attack

03.08.2021

The bite of a funnel-shaped spider that lives on the Australian Fraser Island is fatal. But the spider's venom could also be a lifesaver - scientists have developed a drug candidate based on a molecule found in the venom of funnel-web spiders. Drugs based on this molecule could be used to treat patients with a heart attack.

Australian scientists have tested the Hi1a protein as a drug candidate to prevent the death of heart cells. A heart attack causes oxygen deficiency, which leads to the oxidation of the environment of the cell. In fact, this becomes a signal for cells to die. However, a protein from the Hi1a spider venom can stop this signal from being sent.

Funnel-web spiders are poisonous, but thanks to modern first aid methods and antidotes, no one has died from them lately. However, spider venom is a very effective compound that scientists want to use to save lives. So far, there are no drugs that could stop the transmission of the aforementioned signal. This means that Hi1a could save hundreds of thousands of heart attacks and transplant patients.

Cell engraftment is important in heart transplantation. Hi1a can reduce cell death and make heart transport and transplantation more successful. The scientists tested the Hi1a protein on beating human heart cells and found an improvement in their survival.

Professor Peter McDonald, one of the authors of the study, says: "Normally, if a donor heart stops beating for more than 30 minutes before extraction, it is no longer usable. And if we can get an extra 10 minutes, it will make a huge difference. For people who are literally standing on the verge of death, it can bring back life."

In a heart attack, Hi1a can be given as an injection as first aid. Such a drug will significantly improve the outcome of a heart attack and increase survival. This will be of particular importance for residents of rural areas, where the road to the nearest hospitals is usually very long.

Poisons have long been successfully used in medicine. Various snake venoms are used in the treatment of heart diseases and in the form of painkillers. These are very powerful compounds that scientists are learning to use for peaceful purposes, and not as laid down by nature.

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