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Improving Quantum Computing

11.07.2021

The computational capabilities of today's supercomputers may be staggering, but quantum computers are expected to outperform even the most powerful of these machines. Thanks to the huge amount of memory and speed of operation, quantum computers will be able to solve problems that are currently beyond the power of any processor.

European researchers working within the EU-funded Magnum and microSPIRE projects have developed a potentially new qubit system using the rotation of so-called "holes".

Semiconductors consist of artificial quasi-particles, which are a collection of electrons and holes. Holes are usually called carriers of a positive charge equal to the elementary charge in semiconductors. Although holes are not true particles, they share many properties with electrons. They interact when they come close to each other, and they also have the quantum mechanical property of spin.

Holes in materials such as metalloid germanium are excellent candidates for spin qubits. The scientists built a nanostructure from various layers of germanium and silicon, which allowed them to confine the holes to a two-dimensional region.

Scientists at L-NESS stacked several different mixtures of silicon and germanium just a few nanometers thick on top of each other. This made it possible to limit the holes with a germanium-rich layer in the middle. Tiny electrical wires, called gates, were added on top to control the movement of the openings by applying voltage to them. As a result, electrically positively charged holes responded to the voltage and could move very accurately within their layer.

The research team used this technique to bring the two holes as close to each other as possible, which would help them interact as they rotate and form a spin qubit. More importantly, they were able to create a qubit from two interacting hole spins using less than 10 millitesla of magnetic field strength.

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Noise vs Noise 07.03.2007

About half a century ago, the engineers of the American company "RCA" proposed an original way to deal with noise: to generate exactly the same sound, but in antiphase, and the sound waves cancel each other out (the so-called active damping).

Only in our time has it been possible to implement this idea, since in the 50s of the last century there was no electronics that could cope with a difficult task. One of the villas, built in Milan (Italy), just 500 meters from the local airport, is protected from aircraft noise by a "grid" of microphones and speakers.

The roar of the engines caught by the microphones is translated into antiphase by the computer and emitted by the speakers. As a result, a relatively quiet zone is created with dimensions of 5 by 5 by 10 meters, where the noise is reduced by 5-10 decibels.

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