A new type of basalt has been discovered. Free Technical Library News

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New type of basalt discovered

25.03.2021

An international team of researchers, including the University of Leeds, has discovered a previously unknown form of basalt after drilling through the Pacific Ocean floor. This new type of rock was formed during large and extremely hot volcanic eruptions.

The discovery suggests that the eruptions emanating from the Earth's mantle were much more powerful and hot than previously thought. Dr Ivan Savov of the Leeds Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics at the university's School of Earth and Environment, one of the study's authors, said: make a lot of discoveries.

The new type of basalt differs from known rocks both in its chemical and mineral composition. And previously its existence was not known for the most part because no new examples were formed over millions of years. As a result, this type of basalt was buried deep under the sediments on the ocean floor.

To find the new rock, a team of scientists aboard the research vessel JOIDES "Resolution" placed their drilling equipment 6 km on the ocean floor in the Amami Sankaku Basin - about 1000 km southwest of Mount Fuji in Japan. After that, the researchers drilled another 1,5 km to the bottom of the ocean, retrieving samples that had never before been examined by scientists. This area of research is part of the so-called "Ring of Fire" - a horseshoe-shaped belt known for regular volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. It extends for about 40 km around the Pacific Ocean and, according to scientists, began to form at least 000 million years ago.

It was one of the deepest depths drilled using a specially designed research vessel designed for such difficult conditions. At the same time, it is explained that basalt is one of the most common rocks, but in this case there were searches for basalt, which should have been formed during the early eruptions of the Ring of Fire volcano, and they were crowned with success. It is also noted that the eruptions that formed the newly discovered basalt were very widespread and occurred in a relatively short geological time - 1-2 million years.

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