Passive tone control classic full. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Tone, volume controls
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The main disadvantage of the recently popular active tone controls is the use of deep frequency-dependent feedback and large additional distortions that they introduce into the regulated signal. That is why it is desirable to use passive regulators in high-quality equipment. True, they are not without flaws. The largest of them is a significant signal attenuation corresponding to the control range. But since the depth of tone control in modern sound reproducing equipment is small (no more than 8 ... 10 dB), in most cases it is not required to introduce additional amplification stages into the signal path.
Another, not so significant, disadvantage of such regulators is the need to use variable resistors with an exponential dependence of resistance on the angle of rotation of the engine (group "B"), which provide smooth control. However, the simplicity of design and high quality indicators still incline designers to use passive tone controls.
It should be noted that these regulators require a low output impedance of the preceding stage and a high input impedance of the subsequent one.
Developed by the English engineer Baksandal in 1952, the tone control [1] has become, perhaps, the most common frequency corrector in electroacoustics. The classical version of the circuit consists of two first-order links forming a bridge - low-frequency R1C1R3C2R2 and high-frequency C3R5C4R6R7 (Fig. 1a). The approximated logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristics (LAFC) of such a controller are shown in fig. 1b. The calculated dependences for determining the time constants of the inflection points of the AFC are also given there.
Theoretically, the maximum achievable frequency response slope for first-order links is 6 dB per octave, but with practically implemented characteristics, due to a slight difference in the inflection frequencies (no more than a decade) and the influence of previous and subsequent stages, it does not exceed 4 ... 5 dB per octave. When adjusting the tone, the Baksandal filter only changes the slope of the frequency response without changing the inflection frequencies. The attenuation introduced by the regulator at medium frequencies is determined by the ratio n=R1/R3. The frequency response control range in this case depends not only on the attenuation value n, but also on the choice of inflection frequencies of the frequency response, therefore, to increase it, the inflection frequency is set in the mid-frequency region, which, in turn, is fraught with the mutual influence of the adjustments.
Author: A. Shikhatov; Publication: bluesmobile.com/shikhman
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