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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HDMI interface
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Miscellaneous electronic devices In 2002, the largest consumer electronics manufacturers, such as Hitachi, Philips, Sony, Toshiba, etc., proposed a new interface HDMI (HDMI). It was the first all-digital interface to carry uncompressed audio and video streams, while being backward compatible with DVI, which carries a digital video stream. The HDMI interface has been constantly evolving. Today there are already several versions with different numbers. The first version of HDMI 1.0 appeared back in 2002. The most recent HDMI 1.3 was approved in June 2006. Each version uses the same hardware specifications and cable, but differs in increased bandwidth and the types of information that can be transmitted via HDMI. For example, HDMI 1.0 supports a maximum speed of 4,9 Gbps, while HDMI 1.3 already supports 10,2 Gbps. Below is a summary of the HDMI versions. HDMI 1.0 - 12/2002 One cable for digital audio/video streaming with a maximum bandwidth of 4,9 Gbps. Supports video streaming up to 165 megapixels per second (1080p @ 60 Hz or UXGA) and 8-channel 192 kHz/24-bit audio. HDMI 1.1 - 5/2004 Added support for DVD Audio content protection. HDMI 1.2 - 8/2005 Added support for Super Audio CD;
HDMI 1.3 - 6/2006 The bandwidth of the audio / video connection has been increased to 10,2 Gb / s;
Below is a table of major improvements in version 1.3 compared to 1.2.
Technical information Below is the HDMI interface diagram.
Pin 1 - TMDS Data2+
Legend TMDS (Transition-Minimized Differential Signaling). High-speed digital streaming technology used in HDMI and DVI interfaces. Uses three channels that carry streams of audio / video and additional data, with a throughput of up to 3,4 Gb / s per channel. CEC (Consumer Electronics Control). Allows you to transfer commands and control signals between communication participants. CEC functions are built-in at the request of the manufacturer. If all communication participants support HDMI CEC, then you can, for example, send commands from the remote control to all connected equipment. Among the commands are on / off, playback, standby, recording and others. SCL (Serial Data Clock). Responsible for data transfer synchronization. SDA (Serial Data Access). Transmits data. DDC (Display Data Channel). Allows you to transfer display specifications such as manufacturer name, model number, supported formats and resolutions, etc. Support for formats Today, all major video formats are supported, including PAL, NTSC, ATSC, and more. Video resolution is possible up to 1440p or 2560x1440 in progressive format (Blu-ray and HD-DVD have a maximum of 1080p). Supports color depth up to 48-bit (more than 280 trillion colors) with a refresh rate of up to 120 Hz. Supported audio formats include Compressed audio. Dolby Digital, DTS, etc. Multichannel audio. SACD, DVD Audio. Uncompressed audio (PCM). Up to 8 channels with sampling rates up to 192 kHz at 24 bits.
Content Protection (HDCP) HDMI has been licensed with its built-in High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) digital content protection scheme, which was created by Intel and others to combat piracy. HDCP must be present on HD receivers or DVD/HD-DVD/Blu-ray players/VCRs that use HDMI. HDMI Receivers If you follow the development of "home theater", then you probably know that today the receiver of audio / video streams must have HDMI support. Modern receivers typically have HDMI inputs and outputs and support the following features. Multichannel audio and video. An HDMI receiver allows you to connect an audio/video streaming source (HD disc player or HDTV cable receiver) to its input with one HDMI cable, and an HDTV TV to its output with a second HDMI cable. As a result, the receiver will transmit the digital video signal from the HD-disc player/HDTV cable set-top box to the HDTV-set, and pass the multi-channel audio through the amplifier and feed it to the connected acoustics. If the AV receiver does not support HDMI, then you will need to use a separate cable (digital optical or coaxial) to transfer the audio from the player/set-top box to the input of the receiver. There's no difference in quality between HDMI and a separate digital audio cable, but why put up with another cable in your system? In principle, the advantages of such a configuration when you use a player with an HDMI output are not too great. But as HDMI components are added, the benefits become more significant. Namely... HDMI switching. Most HDMI receivers are equipped with two or three HDMI inputs, allowing you to connect multiple HDMI audio/video sources. And the HDTV display connects to the HDMI receiver with just one cable. You can switch the video source on the receiver, which is much more convenient than poking through HDMI cables on the back of your TV or on an HD source. This feature will become more important as HDMI-enabled appliances enter your home. Analog to digital video conversion and deinterlacing. Early versions of HDMI receivers retained digital and analog signals as they came, requiring not only a digital but also an analog connection from an HDTV to the receiver. But many modern HDMI receivers have learned how to convert incoming analog audio / video signals (say, through a composite input or S-Video) to digital form, which made it possible to transfer any streams to the TV through a single HDMI cable. In addition to analog-to-digital conversion, many receivers also perform video deinterlacing (from 480i to 480p). Also a very useful feature, since many older HDTVs do not support 480i signals through the HDMI input. Some modern receivers can convert 480i signals to 720p, 1080i, or 1080p, helping to improve picture quality from older video sources on newer HDTVs. HD-DVD/Blu-Ray Compatibility A very important feature of the HDMI interface is that HD-DVD and Blu-ray players will only transmit full 1080p video through the HDMI output. The move is the result of the industry's anti-piracy efforts. Unlike other audio/video interfaces, HDMI requires mandatory HDCP protection for full resolution transmission. If you use any other interface, such as component video, the video signal will be artificially degraded to DVD quality or even worse. The increased bandwidth of the HDMI 1.3 interface will come in handy for the new technologies that are used by HD-DVD/Blu-ray. This includes an increased color depth, which will allow you to display up to 69 billion shades (depth 30-36 bits). HDMI 1.2 can only transmit a picture with 16,7 million colors (24 bit depth). In addition, HDMI 1.3 supports the next generation Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio audio formats, which use lossless compression with up to eight channels (96kHz, 24bit, up to 18Mbps). All receivers without HDMI 1.3 support will be able to play the movie with the "old" DTS and Dolby Digital sound formats. All new features will improve the home theater experience sooner or later, but there is an area where the situation with HDMI is still not well understood. We mean video recording. Data passes through HDMI uncompressed, and the primary function of HDCP is to protect uncompressed data from being copied. Therefore, it will not work to record information via HDMI yet. Let's see how this problem is solved in the future. Conclusion It's time for a change in the home theater industry. The 1080p video format war between HD-DVD and Blu-Ray has already begun, and there is also confusion in the minds of consumers about the new HDMI digital audio and video streaming interface. Especially as the HDMI specification continues to evolve. The release of the new version of HDMI 1.3 gives us a lot to think about. And, perhaps, take a closer look at the purchase of audio / video equipment. HDMI receivers have appeared on the market quite recently, but over the years they have advanced significantly in their capabilities. HDMI 1.3 is a major improvement over HDMI 1.2, so always buy 1.3 compatible hardware whenever possible. Especially since HD-DVD and Blu-Ray discs will use the improved capabilities of HDMI 1.3. However, receivers with HDMI 1.3 support may not hit the market until mid-2007. And who knows at what price they will be sold. On the other hand, many interesting HDMI features, such as HDMI switching and video conversion, are already available on today's HDMI receivers. HDTVs will also migrate to HDMI 1.3, and are expected to arrive in early 2007 models. New TVs should take advantage of HDMI 1.3's improved color depth, as well as address many of HDMI's "youth problems" (audio sync issues, Consumer Electronics Control support, etc.). The result will be like this. Before buying, carefully check the capabilities of each component. Try to compare them with current requirements, and possibly future ones as well. Publication: thg.ru
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