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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Sound in the car: schemes and the correctness of their choice
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Audio equipment The creation of any car audio system is a rather laborious process, where many different factors must be taken into account in order to reduce the number of errors that take time and money to eliminate. Moreover, the difficulties that arise in the process of such creativity negatively affect not only your budget, but also create spiritual discomfort when achieving a result that is far from desired. Therefore, in order not to "break wood", determine your goals and financial capabilities at the initial stage. For example, you can buy an inexpensive car radio that will fit your needs, and later, when you decide to install a CD changer in your car, you will be surprised to find that this radio does not have CD drive control functions. The beginning of any equipment project consists in planning the way of its implementation, therefore, we propose to consider the layout diagrams of car stereos. Scheme 1 assumes the presence of a head unit (this can be a car radio, CD receiver, minidisk deck), front and rear speakers. Most often, 13- or 16-cm speakers are used as front speakers, and oval speakers 6 and 9 inches in size are used as rear speakers, they are produced by almost all well-known manufacturers. This is the simplest and most common scheme, the main advantage of which is its low price. The sound quality of such a system, as a rule, is also low. It is rather difficult to achieve good quality in such a system due to the fact that it does not have any ways of adjustment, except for using a standard timbre block of the head unit, which is clearly not enough. To improve the sound, you can use any component acoustics with separate reproduction of high and medium frequencies as the front, and high-quality acoustics of the PRO or HQ series (for example, Clarion SRF 6981, Kenwood KFC-HQ 691) as the rear. A good solution would be to use European or American acoustics 6 by 9 inches, which differ from Japanese ones in softer reproduction of low frequencies and reproduces the high and middle parts of the range more naturally (for example, "KEF 690 Q", "Centrek SRS 6980", "RCF 6910", "Boston Acoustic CX 9.3"). Scheme 2 contains a head unit, front acoustics (preferably component) and an amplifier with a subwoofer. The main difference with this layout is that it is more flexible and allows you to achieve a higher level of sound without changing the original components. At the same time, you don’t have problems what to do with not very good front acoustics, because you immediately buy a product of a different class. American car audio dealers say that if you can't buy "good sound" right away, but would like to have it in the future, you need to install a high-quality front speaker with a good subwoofer. This will give you a fairly clear sound image in the front seats of the car with enough support from the rear - of course, if you use a really good subwoofer (however, subwoofers like the "Pioneer TS-WX 80" cannot be classified as good). You can easily check this statement in any car that is well "made" in terms of sound by turning off the rear speakers. Some of the surround effect will inevitably be reduced, but trust me, this option plays much nicer than the conventional pattern 1. This is supported by the fact that at the international sound competitions "Sound off" exhibition cars are quite often performed according to scheme 2. An example is the car "BMW" of the 5th series, which is the winner of the German and Swedish championships, as well as the winner of the IASCA European Championship in the PRO class, with a power of up to 600 W RMS. The machine is equipped with a front speaker system (three-way component system "DLS Genesis") and three 25 cm subwoofers "DLS W-110C". The cost of components is about twice as high as in the traditional first option, but at the same time you have the opportunity to step above the average level. The second layout scheme can be supplemented with a rear speaker group at any time, and then you will get the usual option for building a system with front and rear speakers, already having a fairly powerful "bass part" at your disposal in the interior of your car (diagram 3). The second layout option is also supported by the fact that such circuits, as a rule, load the main acoustics less, allowing them to keep their performance longer. Remember how many times you "missed the bass"? You are trying to add "bass", thereby overloading the acoustics, which are simply not able to reproduce this part of the range with normal feedback. At the same time, if you have at your disposal a subwoofer with a nominal power of 250-300 W RMS (500-800 W MAX), designed to reproduce frequencies from 20 Hz to 1 kHz, you can entrust it with the task of creating even excessive sound in the cabin. pressure. For some car owners, the use of a subwoofer introduces its inconvenience in that it occupies a certain space in the trunk, reducing its volume (volumes of subwoofer cases can range from 30 to 80 liters). If you're not willing to sacrifice some of your trunk space for a subwoofer, you can try to improve the first layout. In this case, you can add an amplifier to the system to "build up" the rear speakers (scheme 4). As such an amplifier, you can use any two-channel, the rated power of which is 30-50 W RMS per channel. As a rule, these are acoustics with a rated power of 60-80 W RMS (180-250 W MAX), and the built-in amplifier of the head unit (30-40 W MAX) is not enough to ensure the normal operation of such speakers. The effect of "underdrive" of acoustics occurs quite often in systems with incorrectly matched power of the source and the acoustic system. At a high volume level, a characteristic "wheezing" occurs in the speakers, which is a manifestation of this effect. The built-in amplifier of the head unit, when the load is increased, is not able to provide the necessary output, power consumption increases at its input, for which its design is not designed. Therefore, it begins to work with distortion, although there is a common misconception that "acoustics does not hold." We will discuss the issues of matching the power of the source and the speaker system in more detail in the material on car amplifiers. In conclusion, I would like to say that the layout scheme chosen correctly for yourself allows you to spend your money more rationally on what you want to get for them. Author: Martin Korablev; Publication: cxem.net
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