Free energy powered radio receiver. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Free energy powered radio receiver. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / radio reception

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From time to time, descriptions of loud-speaking detector receivers appear in magazines [13]. For most radio amateurs, these circuits are not of interest, but there are lovers to experiment with simple original designs. This article is intended for them.

In these receivers, the signal of a powerful radio station, received by an external antenna, is simultaneously fed from the output of the detector to the input of an audio frequency amplifier, and, through a smoothing filter, to power it. The amplifier is usually made on a single transistor (in [3], an emitter follower on a complementary pair serves as an amplifier). Even though the output power of these receivers is only a fraction of a milliwatt, the volume with a sensitive speaker is enough to listen to radio broadcasts. High volume is not everywhere and is needed, for example, when fishing. But you don't have to worry about batteries.

Another feature of these receivers is that they can only receive powerful stations. This disadvantage can be eliminated if the functions of power supply and reception of radio stations are separated. This will improve the parameters of the receiver.

The proposed design consists of two receivers: detector and transistor. The detector receiver consists of an external antenna WA1, a coil L1 and a detector VD1. The inductance L1 with the capacitance of the antenna WA1 form an oscillatory circuit, constantly tuned to a powerful radio station. In this case, this radio station is used as a "power station" to power the transistor receiver.

A receiver powered by "free energy" should draw a minimum current. Therefore, a simple direct amplification scheme with a regenerative detector was chosen.

Free energy powered radio

The cascade on the transistor VT1 performs the functions of a detector, a voltage amplifier and an adjustable positive feedback (POS). With a collector current VT1 of 30 μA, its input impedance is about 50 kOhm, which allows you to connect the VT1 base to the entire L2 coil (without taps) of the WA2 magnetic antenna, without noticeably worsening the quality factor of the circuit. The sound signal from the collector VT1 is fed to the base of emitter followers on transistors VT2 and VT3, which match the output resistance of VT1 with the subsequent load. To stabilize the modes of transistors through resistors R4 and R3, a direct current feedback was introduced. To obtain a POS, the radio frequency component of the signal remaining on the VT1 collector (after filtering by the capacitor C7) is fed into the L6-C1 circuit through the C3-R2 chain and the L1 coil. POS increases the sensitivity of the receiver to weak signals by 10...15 times.

Details. Coil L1 can be either closed or open core. In the latter case, it must be removed from the magnetic antenna WA2. WA2 is a magnetic antenna from the Ocean receiver, which uses a medium wave coil with a communication coil. L2 contains 50 turns of LESHO 10x0.07 mm wire, L3 - 5 turns of PELSHO 00.18 mm. You can also use another magnetic antenna with a ferrite rod 200 mm long and a coil wound with a litz wire. KPE C1 uses one section of a capacitor with an air or solid dielectric. Capacitors C3, C8, C9 are selected with low leakage.

T1 - output transformer from the subscriber loudspeaker (USh10x10 magnetic circuit). Winding I - 2500 turns PEL 00.09 mm. The secondary winding is rewound and is 160 turns of PEL 00,31 mm. You can also use network transformers from Alpinist and similar receivers, in which the voltage on the secondary winding is about 14 V.

Loudspeaker VA1 - 5GDSh-3. 4GDSH-1 (4GD-8E) or other speaker with high sensitivity and voice coil resistance of 8 ohms. Before assembling such a receiver, it is necessary to determine the possibility of its operation in a given area. If the range in which the most powerful radio station operates is known, then the coil of the magnetic antenna of this range is taken as L1, and an external antenna WA1, ground and diode VD1 are connected to it. High-resistance telephones are connected to the diode. By moving the coil L1 along the ferrite rod by ear, a powerful station is tuned, after which a pointer voltmeter is connected instead of telephones (at a measurement limit of 100 V). If the voltage at the output of the detector is less than 6 V, and the effective height of the antenna cannot be increased, then it is not necessary to rely on loud-speaking reception.

The receiver is adjusted when powered by a 3 V battery. The voltage at the emitters VT2 and VT3 is set by selecting the resistor R4 and should be about half of the supply voltage. Capacitor C1 tunes the receiver to the signal of a weak station and checks the action of the POS. When the resistance R1 decreases, the POS increases, and the volume should increase. Otherwise, the terminals of the L3 coil must be reversed. If, when receiving weak stations, the sensitivity of the receiver turns out to be insufficient, then an indoor antenna 1 ... The receiver does not have AGC. and with strong signals, distortion occurs, which is eliminated by the volume control R1.5. With a supply voltage of 2 V, the current consumed by the receiver in the absence of a signal is about 3 μA. At maximum power (3 mW) - 40 μA. X0,4 jacks are designed to connect high-impedance telephones.

When powered by 1,5 V (corresponding to about 3 V at the output of an unloaded detector receiver), the receiver operates on headphones with greater sensitivity and selectivity than a conventional detector receiver.

Literature

Transistor receivers without power supplies. - Radio. 1962, No. 6, p.53.
Free energy powered receivers. - Radio, 1966. No. 7, S.57.
V. Polyakov. Loud-speaking detector receiver. - Radio, 2000, No. 7 S.22.

Author: P. Sevastyanov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

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