Aluminum electrolysis plants

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Section 7. Electrical equipment of special installations

Electrolysis installations and installations of galvanic coatings. Aluminum electrolysis plants

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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7.10.53. Electrical insulation from the ground, in addition to those specified in 7.10.23, 7.10.24, must have the following designs:

cell foundations and underground channels;
supporting columns of electrolyzers and interfloor overlapping.

7.10.54. Metal ceilings of transverse channels of current conductors in electrolysis buildings must have electrical insulation, and in areas between adjacent electrolyzers these ceilings must have electrically insulating inserts.

Metal ceilings of longitudinal openings and channels of current conductors must have electrical insulation from these openings and channels, and in areas between adjacent electrolyzers they must have electrically insulating inserts.

7.10.55. Metal ceilings of openings and conductor channels in electrolyzers must have the potential of the electrolyzer cathode.

7.10.56/XNUMX/XNUMX. Floor ventilation grilles in aluminum electrolysis and electrolytic refining buildings should be laid on electrically insulating bases.

7.10.57/3/XNUMX. Metal frames in windows and aeration shafts may be installed at a height of at least XNUMX m from the floor level in one-story buildings and the second floor in two-story buildings.

7.10.58/1,7/XNUMX. The ends of the first floor in two-story buildings for electrolysis and electrolytic refining of aluminum must be fenced with a metal mesh, electrically insulated from building structures, or a partition made of non-electrically conductive materials to a height of at least XNUMX m from the ground level. The fence must have gates or doors that can be locked.

7.10.59/1,7/XNUMX. Electrolysis buildings must have aeration openings along the outer walls, closed to a height of at least XNUMX m from the ground level with reliably grounded metal mesh, which should not impede the ventilation of the housing.

7.10.60. Stairs to the second floor and landings of the second floor, as well as railings of the second floor in two-story electrolysis buildings must be made of non-electrically conductive materials. It is allowed to manufacture railings and stairs from metal coated with plastic or other electrical insulating materials.

7.10.61. Between the protruding parts of the electrolysers, when they are longitudinally located, the distance must be at least 0,7 m. This distance between the ends of the electrolyzers can be reduced to the limits allowed by the design of the electrolyzers, if the presence of people in the specified area is excluded.

7.10.62. Between the walls of the longitudinal channels of conductors (openings) in the central passage of the housing, the distance must be at least 3,5 m.

7.10.63/40/XNUMX. Metal pipelines of compressed air and vacuum, as well as main metal gas ducts of the upper gas suction system for electrolysers with side current supply and baked anodes, laid along the body, must have electrical insulating inserts every XNUMX m.

Main metal gas ducts from electrolyzers with an upper anode current supply must have two electrical insulating inserts installed in series before entering the underground channel.

7.10.64/XNUMX/XNUMX. Gas exhaust pipes of electrolyzers must be electrically insulated from the main gas exhaust pipelines.

7.10.65/XNUMX/XNUMX. Gas exhaust pipes of electrolysers with an underground gas exhaust system must be electrically insulated from building structures.

7.10.66/XNUMX/XNUMX. Electrolysers with lateral current supply and with a self-baking anode must have electrical insulation:

cathode casing - from the foundation or from supporting building structures;
metal structures of electrolyzers - from the anode and from the cathode casing;
curtain shelters - from the cathode casing;
anode tire packs - from metal structures;
hooks for temporary suspension of the anode - from metal structures, or there must be an electrical insulation unit directly on portable rods for temporary suspension of the anode when re-tensioning the anode frame.

7.10.67. Pots with baked anodes must be electrically insulated:

cathode casing - from the foundation or supporting building structures;
metal structures of the anode part - from the cathode casing;
metal structures installed on special supports - from these supports, the supports - from the ground (the supports must be electrically connected to the cathode casing);
jacks of the mechanism for lifting the anodes and the anode current supply - from the anode frame;
shelters - from the cathode casing.

7.10.68/XNUMX/XNUMX. Electrolysers with top current supply and with a self-baking anode must have electrical insulation:

cathode casing - from the foundation or supporting building structures;
jacks of the main lifting mechanism - from special supports (when installed on special supports), special supports - from the ground (the supports must be electrically connected to the cathode casing);
jacks of the anode lifting auxiliary mechanism - from the anode casing.

7.10.69/XNUMX/XNUMX. The electrical insulation system in the electrolysis buildings must exclude the presence of ground potential in the repair areas of floor-mounted rail machines and places where they are loaded with raw materials up to the level of the crane beams¹⁾.

1. PB 11-149-97 (clause 2.5.42).

7.10.70/XNUMX/XNUMX. Rails for floor-mounted rail machines must have electrical insulating inserts in the areas between the electrolysers. The sections must have the potential of the cathode of the corresponding electrolyzer, and in the sections of the repair zones - the potential of the outermost electrolyzer in the series.

The floor rail machine must be electrically insulated:

running wheels - from metal structures;
the drive of running wheels - from a metalwork;
mechanism for punching the electrolyte crust - from metal structures;
connecting device of the air chute or mounting pipes - from the metal structures of the machine and the elements of the electrolyzer body in contact with them;
aeroslide and montzhus pipes - from metal structures;
pipelines - from metal structures at the point of their transition to the executive body of the mechanism for pushing through the electrolyte crust;
the docking device of the machine is from the metal structures of the body, the number of insulation stages must be at least three;
retractable conveyor for loading the machine with anode mass - from the metal structures of the body, the number of insulation stages must be at least three.

7.10.71/4/XNUMX. Crane tracks in aluminum electrolysis buildings must be grounded. The resistance of grounding devices should not exceed XNUMX ohms.

7.10.72/50/XNUMX. Electrical safety during repairs of electrolysers should be ensured by an alarm system that is triggered when the potential of the electrolyser relative to the ground exceeds XNUMX V and when the main rectified current circuits in other sections of the series are shorted to ground.

7.10.73. The neutral in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV AC in electrolysis buildings can be either insulated or solidly grounded.

Shutting off at the first short circuit in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV with an insulated neutral in electrolysis buildings in accordance with technology requirements is unacceptable. For such electrical installations, insulation monitoring must be provided with an effect on the signal. Sound and light signals about insulation falling below a given value must be transmitted to rooms with constant presence of maintenance personnel. The light signal should indicate the line on which the insulation has decreased.

Electric motors located on the anode frame of the electrolyser, isolated from the ground, must have a reliable electrical connection by bolts of their housings with the metal structure on which they are installed. In this case, a special conductor connecting the electric motor housing to the metal structure for its installation is not required. These motors may have normal insulation and must be connected to a general purpose transformer with an insulated neutral through group isolating transformers with a secondary winding voltage of up to 220 V, otherwise the requirements given in 7.10.18 must be met.

7.10.74/XNUMX/XNUMX. Electrical receivers of overhead cranes and floor-mounted rail machines must be connected to a general-purpose transformer with an insulated neutral.

7.10.75. Starting equipment and equipment for controlling the mechanisms of electrolysis installations, if possible, should be located in special electrical rooms.

When placing such equipment in cabinets near electrolysers, the metal structures of the cabinets must have electrical insulation from the floor and other building elements, eliminating the possibility of ground potential reaching the cabinet body.

7.10.76/XNUMX/XNUMX. In two-story aluminum electrolysis buildings, it is allowed to install special welding lines for welding with rectified current by taking electricity from operating electrolysers. The use of such lines for electric welding of grounded structures is not permitted, with the exception of electric welding work during major repairs of electrolyzers.

7.10.77/XNUMX/XNUMX. Welding lines for taking electricity from the main rectified current conductor must be sectioned.

Electrical devices for connecting welding transformers (connection points) must be isolated from building structures and connected to a power network with an isolated neutral through an isolation transformer.

7.10.78/3,5/4. Metal pipelines laid along the electrolysis buildings at a height of less than 3 m must have electrical insulating inserts every XNUMX electrolyzers, and those located vertically or across the electrolysis series - every XNUMX m.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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