High voltage converter, 220/10000 volts. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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High voltage converter, 220/10000 volts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters

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So you can conditionally call this electric lighter, used to ignite gas in the burners of gas stoves. A very convenient and safer fire-fighting device than household matches used for this purpose. In principle, you can buy an electric lighter - if, of course, it ends up in a hardware store. But it can be made with your own hands, which is more interesting from a technical point of view, and you will need a little radio components. The schematic diagram and design of the network lighter are shown in fig. 4.61.

(click to enlarge)

The lighter consists of two nodes interconnected by a flexible two-wire cord: an adapter plug with capacitors C1, C2 and resistors R1, R2 inside and a voltage converter with a spark gap. Such a constructive solution provides it with electrical safety and a relatively small mass of that part of it, which is held in the hand when the gas is ignited. Capacitors C1 and C2 act as elements that limit the current consumed by the lighter to 3 ... 4 mA. While the SB1 button is not pressed, the lighter does not consume current. When the contacts of the button are closed, the diodes VD1, VD2 rectify the alternating voltage of the network, and the rectified current pulses charge the capacitor C3.

For several periods of mains voltage, this capacitor is charged to the opening voltage of the VS1 dynistor (for KN102Zh - about 120 V). Now the capacitor is quickly discharged through the low resistance of the open dinistor and the primary winding of the step-up transformer T1. In this case, a short current pulse appears in the circuit, the value of which reaches several amperes. As a result, a high voltage pulse appears on the secondary winding of the transformer and an electric spark appears between the electrodes of the spark gap E1, which ignites the gas. And so 5 ... 10 times per second, i.e. with a frequency of 5 ... 10 Hz.

Electrical safety is ensured by the fact that even if the insulation is broken and one of the wires connecting the adapter plug to the converter is touched by hand, the current in this circuit will be limited by one of the capacitors O or C2 and will not exceed 7 mA. A short circuit between the connecting wires will also not lead to any dangerous consequences. In addition, the arrester is galvanically isolated from the network and is also safe in this sense.

Capacitors C1, C2, the rated voltage of which must be at least 400 V, and the resistors R1, R2 shunting them are mounted in an adapter plug housing, which can be made of sheet insulating material (polystyrene, plexiglass) or use a plastic box of suitable sizes for this. The distance between the centers of the pins with which it is connected to a standard power outlet must be 19 mm. Rectifier diodes, capacitor C3, dynistor VS1 and transformer T1 are mounted on a printed circuit board measuring 120x18 mm, which, after checking, is placed in a plastic case-handle of the appropriate size.

The step-up transformer T1 is made on a 400NN ferrite rod with a diameter of 8 and a length of about 60 mm (a segment of the rod intended for the magnetic antenna of the transistor receiver). The rod is wrapped with two layers of insulating tape, on top of which the secondary winding is wound - 1800 turns of wire PEV-2-0,05 ... 0,08. Bulk winding, smooth from edge to edge. The secondary winding is wrapped along its entire length with two layers of insulating tape and 10 turns of PEV-2-0,4 ... 0,6 wire are wound on top of it in one layer - the primary winding. Diodes KD105B can be replaced by other small ones with a permissible reverse voltage of at least 300 V or diodes D226B, KD205B

Capacitors C1...C3 types BM, MBM; the first two of them must be for a rated voltage of at least 400 V, the third - at least 150 V. The structural basis of the arrester E1 is a piece of a metal tube 100 ... 150 long and 3 ... 5 mm in diameter, at one end of which there is a rigid fixed (mechanically or by soldering) metal thin-walled glass with a diameter of 8 ... 10 mm and a height of 15 ... 20 mm. This glass, with slots in the walls, is one of the electrodes of the arrester E1. Inside the tube, together with a heat-resistant dielectric, for example, a fluoroplastic tube or tape, a thin steel knitting needle is tightly inserted. Its pointed end protrudes from the insulation by 1 ... 1,5 mm and should be located in the middle of the glass. This is the second, central, spark gap electrode.

The discharge gap of the lighter is formed by the end of the central electrode and the glass wall - it should be 3 ... 4 mm. On the other side of the tube, the central electrode in the insulation must protrude from it by at least 10 mm. The tube of the arrester is rigidly fixed in the plastic case of the converter, after which the electrodes of the arrester are connected to the terminals of the winding II of the transformer. Soldering points are securely insulated with pieces of PVC tube or insulating tape. If you do not have a KN102Zh dinistor at your disposal, you can replace it with two or three dinistors of the same series, but with a lower turn-on voltage. The total opening voltage of such a chain of dinistors should be 120 ... 150 V. In general, the dinistor can be replaced by its analogue, composed of a low-power trinistor (KU101D, KU101E) and a zener diode, as shown in fig. 4.61. The stabilization voltage of a zener diode or several zener diodes connected in series must be 120 ... 150 V.

Author: Semyan A.P.

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