Economical stabilizer with low voltage drop. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors

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Voltage stabilizers for a variety of voltages and load currents are used in many industrial and home-made designs. There are a large number of integrated stabilizer circuits, but low-voltage ones are still quite scarce. I propose a simple compensation type stabilizer for low-current nodes, assembled on discrete elements (Fig. 1).

It is called "economical" not only because its own current consumption is about 1 mA. Parts soldered from old boards will be successfully used for its manufacture. The stabilizer is designed for an output voltage of 3,3 V and a load current of up to 25 mA. It can be used to power digital circuits, low-voltage operational amplifier units, etc.

To start the stabilizer when the power is turned on, a node on the transistor VT1 and elements R1 is used. R2. C2, R4, VD1. It works only at the moment of switching on, after which it does not affect the operation of the stabilizer. The stabilizer itself is made on VT2 transistors. VT3 and elements R3, R5, R6, HL1. The remaining elements are auxiliary. The use of a germanium transistor GT403B provides a low voltage drop across the control transistor VT2 (about 100 mV at a load current of 7 mA). This means that with an input voltage of 3,4 V, an output of 3.3 V can be obtained. The reference voltage source is made on the HL1 LED, which, working as a zener diode with a stabilization voltage of 1,5 V, also signals the power on. The output voltage is regulated by a tuning resistor R6. Capacitors C1, C3, C4 reduce noise and ripple of the output voltage.

Details. The device is mounted on a printed circuit board with dimensions of 50x21 mm (Fig. 2).

Instead of the GT403B transistor, you can use any of the 1T403, GT403 series. GT402, 4NU72. The GT402 transistor in a "long" case can dissipate power up to 600 mW, in a "short" case (like MP25) - no more than 300 mW. With a power dissipated on VT2 up to 200 "mW, germanium transistors of the MP21, MP25, MP26, GT321, GS112 series will work normally. Instead of KT315B transistors, you can use any of the KT301, KT312, KT315 series. KT3102. KT503, SS9014 and even germanium MP37. Transistors VT2, It is desirable to select VT3 with the highest possible base current transfer coefficient.

The silicon diode KD521A can be replaced by any of the KD503, KD510, KD521 series. KD522, D223B, 1N4148. Instead of the AL307K LED, you can use any of the AL307, KIPD21, KIPD40, L-63 series and others similar with an operating voltage of up to 2 V at a current of 1 mA. If the stabilizer is set to an operating voltage of 5 ... 6 or even 9 V, then modern white or blue LEDs can be used, the operating voltage of which is 3 ... 3,6 V.

The stabilizer can be simplified by using static triggering instead of dynamic triggering. To do this, the elements R1, R2, C2 are removed. VT1. R4, VD1. In order to start the stabilizer in this case, a 2 kOhm resistor is soldered to the terminals of the collector and emitter VT10. A side effect of the simplification may be that. that the stabilizer will not start with any load.

The stabilizer has a natural, without the use of additional elements, protection against overloads and short circuits at the output. With an increase in load current above 30 mA, the output voltage abruptly decreases to almost zero. The same happens with a short circuit at the output. Figure 3 shows a graph of the dependence of the output voltage on the load current, taken at an input voltage of 5 V, Figure 4 shows the dependence of the output voltage on the input (at a load current of 12 mA). To improve the parameters of the stabilizer, you can increase the current through the HL1 LED by reducing the resistance R5 for this, but the efficiency of the stabilizer will deteriorate.

After setting the stabilizer to the desired output voltage, the tuning resistor R6 can be replaced with two constant ones, which will increase the reliability of the design.

Literature

1. A. Butov. Micropower voltage stabilizer.-Schemotechnics, 2002. No. 7, p.12.
2. A. Butov. Voltage stabilizers with low current consumption. - Circuit design. 2003. No. 1, p.12.
3. A. Butov. Micropower zener diode on KT501. - Radio World, 2003. No. 6, p.16.
4. A. Butov. Voltage converter with low voltage supply. - Circuitry, 2003, No. 9, p.8.
5. A. Butov. K155PAZ in the voltage stabilizer. - Radio-amator, 2003, No. 11, p.21.
6. A. Butov. Voltage stabilizer on K174UN7. - Radiomir, 2004. No. 2, p. fifteen.
7. A. Butov. "Zener diode" on field-effect transistors. - Radiomir, 2004, No. 6, p.11,
8. A. Butov. Adjustable stabilizer for AC adapter. - Radiomir, 2005. No. 10, p.15.

Author: A.Butov, village of Kurba, Yaroslavl region

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