Battery regenerator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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The operation of rechargeable batteries with non-compliance with the technical conditions for charging and discharging often leads to the appearance of sulfate crystals on the plates, which reduce the active surface of the plates and, thereby, reduce its capacity, maximum discharge current, etc. Crystallization in acid batteries can also occur during long-term storage. When the electrolyte settles, self-discharge EMF occurs due to the potential difference between the lower and upper electrolyte layers in the battery bank. In nickel-cadmium batteries, crystallization leads to a "memory effect" that degrades performance.

In the laboratory of the Association "Automation and Telemechanics" of the Irkutsk Regional Center for Technical Creativity of Students, a device for regenerating batteries has been developed, which makes it possible to maintain them in working condition even in the absence of mains voltage to power charging and recovery devices. Two modes of regeneration are introduced into the device circuit:

• during long-term storage;
• accelerated regeneration-recovery (for example, when starting a car in winter).

The battery regenerator (Fig. 1) consists of a rectangular pulse generator on the DA1 timer and a power amplifier on the VT1 transistor. The power supply of the microcircuit is stabilized by an integrated voltage regulator DA2. The regeneration mode is changed by switch SA1 ("Regeneration", "Restoration"). The increase in the amplitude of the pulses occurs in the transformer T1 due to the difference in the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings. The regenerator circuit is powered in the vehicle via a "12 V" plug socket. In stationary conditions, it can be connected with crocodile clips. Coil L1 with an inductance of 5 ... 10 mH prevents the penetration of interference from pulses through the power circuits into the generator circuit.

(click to enlarge)

For economical operation of the regenerator, the start of the key transistor VT1 occurs at a low level of the pulse at the output (pin 3) of the DA1 microcircuit. When charging the capacitor C2 through the resistors R1, R2 during the time t1=0,693(R1+R2)C2, the transistor VT1 is kept closed. The internal transistor of the DA1 microcircuit, when the voltage on the capacitor C2 reaches level 2 / ZUPI1, switches the timer output to the zero state, the transistor VT1 opens for a time t2 = 0.693R3C2. The current pulse generated in the primary winding of the transformer T1 during a short opening of VT1 increases in amplitude in proportion to the transformation ratio T1 and is fed through the rectifier diode VD3 to the battery connected to the socket X1. LED HL1 indicates the operating state of the regenerator circuit. The average current through the LED does not exceed 10 mA. Diode VD2 protects the transistor VT1 from voltage surges of reverse polarity in the primary winding of the transformer when the current is interrupted by the transistor. Fuse FU1 protects the device from short circuits in the load. Capacitors C1 and C4 eliminate interference in the power circuit.

The regenerator is assembled on a printed circuit board with dimensions of 80x45 mm, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 2, and the location of the elements is shown in Fig. 3. The body of the device is made of tin plate. SA2 switch and SA1 mode switch are installed on the side of the housing.

Chip DA1 type NE555P can be replaced with ICL7555 or KR1006VI1, transistor KT837B - with KT837I. Instead of the 7806 stabilizer, K142EN5B can be used. The pulse diode type BY253 can be replaced by KD213B. Resistors used type MLT-0,125. capacitors - KM-6 and K50-35. Transformer T1 - matching, from transistor radios with a transformation ratio of more than ten.

Setting up the device consists in monitoring the operation of the device by LED flashes (frequent in recovery mode and rare in storage mode).

In the "Storage" mode, the regenerator is connected to a pre-charged battery using "Crocodile" clips, observing the polarity. At the end of the storage period, before use, recharge the battery with a current numerically equal to 0,2C (C - battery capacity, Ah) for 2 ... 6 hours to replenish the capacity lost during this time. Each hour of recharging corresponds to a month of storage. In principle, the battery can be used after storage and without recharging. In the car, the capacity remaining after storage is enough for more than one start.

The internal resistance of the battery after regeneration has a minimum value, which favorably affects the start of the engine. For example, a motorcycle starter could start a 30 hp methodoplane engine. up to five times from a battery of Sh1-SA batteries, previously restored by a regenerator. The battery capacity was only 2 Ah.

The "Recovery" mode is mainly used where an accelerated recovery of a battery that is no longer a new one is required and with a limited time. During testing of the device, starting a car in a parking lot at low temperatures occurred in a short time after intensive regeneration of the battery plates. A slight loss of capacity was replenished after a successful start of the engine.

Literature

1. Integral timer KR1006VI1. - Radio, 1986, No. 7.
2. I.P. Shelestov. Radio amateurs: Useful schemes. Book 5. Features of the use of analog integral timers.

Author: V.Konovalov, Irkutsk

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