Recovery of heat, gas, materials and electricity. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The word recuperatio (lat.) means getting back. In winter, most of the electricity is used to generate heat. Heat is consumed even by those enterprises that are forced to utilize the heat of industrial processes through a cooling tower. Using heat pumps, it is possible to recover heat in the heating line. To do this, it is enough to heat special radiators included in the heating plant.

The heat meter consists of a device for determining the flow rate, which most often uses Bernoulli's law (Fig. 1) and two temperature sensors located at the entrance to the heated room and the exit from it. If heat generation exceeds heat consumption, the sensors will show "flow-minus".

In everyday life, it is more difficult to recover heat, but gas is quite possible. You say, where to get this gas? Combustible gas can be obtained in the same way as it is done in Nature - by bio- and thermal methods.

Organic bioreactors operate slowly. To intensify the release of gas, craftsmen come up with original devices. Figure 2 shows an uninterruptible reactor in which the raw material is mixed using a gravitational engine.

Biofeedstock is loaded after raising the upper part, which plays the role of the bell of a wet gas holder formed by the reactor vessel. Methane is lighter than air, and its losses during loading are negligible. The wheel rotates from the gas accumulating in its hollow cells. The problem of mixing raw materials is even easier to solve with the help of egg-shaped balls of scorched clay (Fig. 3). The balls constantly take methanogenic bacteria from above and transport them to the bottom of the reactor.

Since gas production is difficult to regulate, one of the craftsmen in our area suggested pumping the surplus into the gas network. Before this, the biogas must be dried using a tee and a plastic bottle to collect water (Fig. 4). The dryer is installed away from the gas generator. The gas meter rotates in the opposite direction during such recuperation.

Today, for the production of biogas, the problem number 1 remains the manufacture of containers. In France, they tried to drain the waste into an old mine. Now there is gas, and fertilizer, and a place where waste is processed.

Another way of producing gas is very efficient. Our ancestors mastered it long ago. In the north of Ukraine, more than 80 settlements with the name Buda have been preserved. "Budami" called plants for the extraction of vegetable raw materials (mainly wood) of potash, tar and coal. Steel, smelted from wood raw materials, was extremely durable and did not rust. Like any factory that existed before the XNUMXth century, the buds were non-waste enterprises.

As an energy carrier for the production process in the buds, gas was used, which is formed by heating dry plant materials. Every year on the planet due to solar radiation is formed from 100 to 200 billion tons of dry organic matter. It contains 50% carbon and can fully provide renewable energy.

The owners of coal mines and oil wells once fought against the Bud. In the US judicial practice, there is a case when a person was sentenced to death for making charcoal. We only remembered about thermal gas generation during the war. An experimental batch of gas-generating trucks operating on wood chocks was made.

Today we already have specialists who make gasoline from everything that burns. The TV program UTN showed a craftsman complaining about the lack of garbage, especially old tires, which he used to "power" his tractors and combines. Waste management professionals complain that city dwellers do not separate waste into rotten waste and what can be sorted (Fig. 5).

To solve energy and raw materials problems, it is enough to have two instead of one trash can. The rest will be done by today's unemployed, having received jobs at new sorting enterprises.

And how to recover electricity directly? How can it be returned to the power grid at home? There is a long-known and simple method for this (Fig. 6). It is only necessary to observe the phase rotation when connecting your mini-wind farm, - hydroelectric power station, - TPP, and the meter will rotate back.

Author: Yu.Borodaty

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