Wind dam. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The device and the principle of operation. The wind dam (see figure) is a system of radially located, narrowed towards the power plant wind ducts 1 formed by partitions 2 radially or tangentially located relative to the wind wheel 3, which are forest plantations.

The use of forest plantations as partitions can significantly reduce the cost of building a wind dam and, ultimately, reduce the cost of electricity produced.

The device operates as follows. The wind flow passes through wind ducts formed by forest plantations and concentrates on the blades of the wind wheel. At the same time, according to the well-known Bernoulli principle, the wind flow is accelerated, as a result of which the power plant produces more power. Just as a hydroelectric dam collects the energy of a water flow on the blades of a turbine, so a wind dam collects the energy of air flows on the blades of a wind wheel.

Wind pipes can be of various lengths. Since the maximum efficiency of the power plant is possible at a certain range of wind speeds, it is desirable to narrow this range. This is possible at the stage of wind concentration. The average annual wind speed is different in different directions. If you set the length of the wind pipes inversely proportional to the average wind speed in a given direction, then the wind flow will be more uniform. Thus, a higher efficiency of the wind turbine is achieved. In areas with a pronounced wind direction (breezes, mountain-valley winds, monsoons), a wind dam can consist of 1-2 wind pipes.

Technical and economic advantages

1. The proposed wind dam is designed to produce electricity on an industrial scale. Industrial power generation is associated with a number of problems. It is obvious that the maximum power received on the axis of the wind wheel is proportional to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow captured by the wind wheel during rotation, i.e. square of the radius of the wind turbine. Thus, industrial power generation is possible for a wind power plant with a large wind wheel diameter. But there are purely physical limitations on the size of the wind turbine. In addition, a wind power plant with a large wind wheel and a high tower is an expensive structure to build and operate. The larger the size of the wind wheel, the higher the lower limit of the range of operating wind speeds, i.e. When the wind is weak, the wind wheel does not rotate. Thus, downtime of the wind turbine due to weak winds for large wind turbines is much greater. Replacing a large wind wheel with a complex of medium-sized wind wheel + wind dam practically eliminates these problems, which significantly increases the efficiency of wind farms.

2. The wind dam is made not in the form of artificial structures, but in the form of tree plantations. This solution allows to reduce the cost of building and operating a wind dam by an order of magnitude. The area occupied by the wind dam remains open for agricultural use. If poplars are used as tree plantations (whose growth for some varieties is 2-3 m per year), then we can count on a beneficial effect in 5-6 years, which is quite comparable in time with the construction of artificial structures of similar sizes. With appropriate planting care (watering, fertilization, growth stimulants), the beneficial effect can be achieved much earlier.

3. The proposed wind dam allows you to increase the capacity of the wind farm. Our preliminary calculations show that a wind dam with a radius of 150 m gives an increase in power by 5-7 times. If you use it in combination with a wind wheel with a radius of 20 m, equal to the height of the plantations (a wind wheel of this size usually has a power of 50 kW and costs about $ 50000), then the power of the wind wheel will increase and will be about 300 kW, which is equivalent to a wind wheel costing $ 300000. Already a simple estimate shows that the cost of electricity will be about 6 times lower than usual, and wind energy will become more competitive.

4. The durability of a wind dam is several tens of years, and not 20 years, like a wind turbine.

Unique ecological properties

Environmental impact of a wind dam with a capacity of 300 kW for 1 year of operation

Produced:

• oxygen - 8,7 tons;
• phytoncides that destroy pathogens;
• bacteria and microbes - 0,09 t.

Delayed:

• dust - up to 1,7 tons;
• sulfur compounds - 0,12 tons;
• chlorides - 0,03 t;
• fluorides - 0,006 tons;

Absorbed carbon dioxide - 11,22 tons.

There are no problems with waste disposal. The amount of materials required for the construction of a wind turbine is reduced.

Result:

The creation of oases of the type described above in the steppe zone, which has a beneficial effect on the ecology of the environment, determines the formation of a comfortable habitat for small animals and birds, and is a positive factor in solving the problem of protecting and restoring flora and fauna. Clean air and a beautiful landscape have a beneficial effect on the human nervous system and are a kind of reflexology

Ecological impact of TPP during the generation of the same power for 1 year of operation

Burned coal - 1314 tons

Burned oxygen - 2724 tons

Enters the atmosphere:

• soot - 13 tons;
• ash - 87 tons;
• sulfur compounds - 77 tons;
• nitrogen oxides - 25 tons;
• carbon dioxide - 3733 tons.

Formed solid waste (ash and soot) - 175 tons.

Result:

1. Increasing morbidity and mortality of the population.

2. Damage is caused to flora and fauna.

3. "Acid rain", losses in agriculture and forestry, pollution of water bodies, damage to buildings, bridges and other structures subject to corrosion from settling soot particles and gases.

4. Climate change as a result of the greenhouse effect.

5. Reducing the oxygen content in the atmosphere

Wind dam and agriculture

1. Most of the area occupied by the wind dam remains open for agricultural use.

2. The wind dam has a beneficial effect on soil fertility:

• serves as a powerful regulator of water balance, delaying precipitation;
• forms a favorable microclimate, humidifying and refreshing the air approximately twice as much as a water basin of the same area;
• is a biotope for birds, which play an important role in the destruction of insect pests;
• protects soils from wind erosion by increasing the wind speed in a small area, lowering it at a distance of up to 1300 m behind the dam.

A wind dam can act as and replace windbreaks.

Authors: N.G. Makarenko, A.N. Makarenko

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