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The power supply is universal. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Power Supplies

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This power supply is simple in execution (Fig. 1, a). The voltage in it can be adjusted on the zener diode (adjustable analogue of the zener diode Fig. 1, b). In the zener diode VDx, the stabilization voltage can be adjusted by resistor R2. Selecting its resistance, set any stabilization voltage in the range from 1 to 20 V.

Universal power supply

Universal power supply

The power supply works as follows. When the AC voltage transformer T1 (220 V) enters the primary winding, the HL1 "Network" LED lights up, and when the FU1 fuse blows, the HL2 LED lights up. From the secondary winding of the transformer T1, an alternating voltage is supplied to the diodes VD1-VD4 (D226). The rectified voltage through the smoothing capacitor C1 is supplied to the stabilizer (VT1, VT2).

Details. Transformer T1 type TVK110L2 or any other with an output voltage of 12 V (approximately), transistor VT1 type P213B can be replaced with P213-P217B, all other transistors should not be changed. Incandescent lamp H1 24 V, 10 W.

This power supply is convenient and practical. The placement of the device elements is shown in Fig.2.

Universal power supply

Author: S. S. Krisan

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Polymer fibers for cooling electronics 14.04.2014

American physicists managed to create special heat-conducting fibers based on polythiophene polymer, which are not inferior in their properties to the best thermal pastes. Such fibers can be used to cool electronics or automotive parts. This is described in an article published in Nature Nanotechnology.

"Polymers are generally not considered as the basis for thermal interfaces, as they decompose at high temperatures. But polythiophene is already used in the production of electronics and high-temperature solar cells. We took advantage of the fact that this compound is resistant to heat due to the nature of the bonds between its molecules,” says Baratunde Kola, a fellow at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta (USA).

According to Kohl and his colleagues, one of the reasons for the poor thermal conductivity of polymers is the chaotic arrangement of individual molecular "threads" inside them. Due to the entanglement of the molecules, the so-called. phonons are quasi-particles of vibrations that carry thermal energy in solids.

American physicists solved this problem by using a special technique for growing polythiophene filaments, which made it possible to direct almost all the filaments in one direction, so that there are no barriers to the movement of phonons. In accordance with their methodology, the scientists placed a solution of single thiophene molecules in an electrochemical bath made of porous aluminum. In this bath, the solution is mixed with fluorine, boron and ethyl ether compounds.

If an electric current is passed through this mixture, then single thiophene molecules combine into threads that conduct heat well. According to scientists' calculations, their fibers conduct phonons 20 times better than ordinary polythiophene.

The thermal conductivity of fibers can be compared with the best modern thermal interfaces. In this case, polythiophene filaments can be "smeared" over the cooled surface with a very thin layer. If they are subjected to prolonged heating to high temperatures, they do not lose their properties, which compares favorably with classic thermal pastes.

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