Economical speed stabilization scheme. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors
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The circuit is a switching regulator, consisting of a tachometric bridge formed by resistors R4-R7 and the armature winding of the motor M1, a reference voltage source (V7, V8, R3), a controlled multivibrator on transistors V5, V6 and a trigger circuit (diodes V1-V4 and a resistor R1).
When the bridge is balanced, the voltage between points b and c depends only on the engine speed. This voltage is compared to a reference voltage and the difference signal is used to control the speed. When the circuit is turned on, the potential of point a is higher than point b, and the diode is open. This opens transistor V5, followed by transistor V6. The tachometric bridge is connected to the power source, which causes the motor shaft to rotate.
Due to the presence of positive feedback through the capacitor C1, the cascade on transistors V5, V6 is self-excited. The voltage on the tachometric bridge depends on the frequency and duration of the generated oscillations, which in turn depend on the differential control voltage based on the V5 transistor. In steady state, the motor shaft speed is determined by the bridge parameters and the reference voltage. In this case, the potential of point a is lower than the potential of point b, the diode V4 closes, and the start circuit (VI-V4, R1) does not participate in the operation of the stabilizer.
An increase in the load on the shaft causes a decrease in the engine speed, which causes a decrease in the voltage on the diagonal of the tachometric bridge. In this case, the voltage at the base of transistor V5 increases, which causes an increase in its collector current and a corresponding increase in the frequency and duration of the collector current pulses of transistor V6. At the same time, the average value of the voltage on the electric motor increases, due to which the frequency of rotation of its shaft is restored. Reducing the load on the shaft causes phenomena of the opposite nature in the circuit.
The instability of the rotation speed of the stabilizer with the DPM-25 engine under normal conditions is 0,5 ... 1%, and in the temperature range from -30 to + 50 ° C 2 ... 3%. With the exception of the capacitor C1, the stabilizer switches to a linear regulation mode.
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