Magnetometers, theory. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Magnetometers, theory. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / metal detectors

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Magnetometers are an extensive group of devices designed to change the parameters of a magnetic field (for example, the module or components of the magnetic induction vector). The use of magnetometers as metal detectors is based on the phenomenon of local distortion of the Earth's natural magnetic field by ferromagnetic materials, such as iron.

Having detected with the help of a magnetometer a deviation from the module or direction of the magnetic induction vector of the Earth's field, which is usual for a given area, we can confidently speak about the presence of some magnetic inhomogeneity (anomaly) that can be caused by an iron object.

Compared to the metal detectors discussed earlier, magnetometers have a much greater detection range for iron objects. Very impressive is the information that with the help of a magnetometer you can register small shoe nails from a shoe at a distance of 1 m, and a car - at a distance of 10 m! Such a large detection range is explained by the following. An analogue of the radiated field of conventional metal detectors for magnetometers is the homogeneous (on the scale of the search) Earth's magnetic field. Therefore, the response of the device to an iron object is inversely proportional not to the sixth, but only to the third power of the distance.

The fundamental disadvantage of magnetometers is the impossibility of detecting objects made of non-ferrous metals with their help. In addition, even if we are only interested in iron, the use of magnetometers for searching is difficult - in nature there is a wide variety of natural magnetic anomalies of various scales (individual minerals, mineral deposits, etc.). However, when searching for sunken tanks and ships, such devices are out of competition!

Author: Shchedrin A.I.

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