Voice control of equipment. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Voice control of equipment. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Clocks, timers, relays, load switches

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When using household electrical appliances (for example, an electric lamp), there is an inconvenience: you want to sleep peacefully, but you have to get up, go to the outlet and remove the plug from it. The proposed electronic device allows you to control (turn on or off) various household appliances at a distance simply by pronouncing sounds. It is enough to say a certain word and please: the radio or TV set has started (or stopped); an electric lamp or Christmas tree garland caught fire (or went out).

The device consists of a remote control and three switches. Three command words are used for control: "light" - to turn on the lamp, "color" - to turn on the Christmas tree garland, and "sound" - to make the radio receiver work.

The scheme of the console containing the filter block, in which the frequency and amplitude of the audio signal (spoken word) is analyzed, is shown in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of the voice control panel for household appliances (click to enlarge)

The results of the analysis are transferred to the memory circuit for comparison with command words. When they match, control signals are issued from the memory circuit to turn on or off the lamp, Christmas tree garland or radio.

The speech signal from the BM1 microphone is fed to the bases of the transistors VT1, VT11, VT22 and VT25 of the filter unit. On transistors VT2, VT3, VT4, a high-pass filter is assembled, which extracts hissing sounds "s, c, z" from the speech signal, which are filtered out by a high-frequency filter, passing through the circuit C1 - VT2 - VT3 - R6 - VT4. Additionally, the signal of the sounds "s, c, z" is filtered by a circuit on transistors VT5 and VT6, capacitor C2, resistors R8 - R11. The resulting DC voltage, equal in level to the sound signal "c", passes the circuit R12 - C3 - R13. The signal of the sounds "s, c, z" with their voltage level passes through the circuit R32 - C5 - R34. The same signal of the sounds "s, c, z" through the resistor R33 opens the transistor VT15. Received through the diode VD2 to the base of the transistor VT7, the speech signal of the sound "s" opens it, and the transistor VT8 closes. The voltage formed on the collector VT8 charges the capacitor C4. The charged capacitor keeps the transistor VT7 open, while the transistor VT8 remains closed. The sound signal "c", received at the base of the transistor VT7, is stored by a logic element assembled on transistors VT7 and VT8, resistors R14 - R17, capacitor C4 of the memory circuit. The high-level signal from the collector of the transistor \ / T8 passes a double delay line, assembled on transistors \ / T9 and VT 10, resistors R18 - R22, capacitor C6, diode VD1 and transistors VT19 and VT21, resistors R23, R67, R69, R70, R72 , capacitor C12, diode VD9 and through the diode VD4 enters the base of the transistor VT8, opening it. In this case, the transistor VT7 closes. The voltage across its collector will be zero. There will be no signal for memorizing the sound "s".

When a signal of the sounds "c" or "h" arrives through the VD3 diode at the base of the VT16, the transistor opens, and the VT17 closes. This logical element of the memory circuit (transistors VT16, VT17) remembers the sound signal "c" or "h" for the duration of the passage of a high-level voltage from the collector of the transistor VT17 through the delay line on transistors VT18 and VT20, resistors R39 - R43, capacitor C7, diode VD5 . Through the VD6 diode, a high-level voltage, entering the base of the VT17 transistor, opens it. In this case, the transistor VT 16 will close. The voltage at the collector of the transistor VT17 will be zero. There will also be no signal for memorizing the sound "ts" or "z".

At the moment when the voltage on the collector of the transistor VT8 is high, there is a sound signal "s", which, passing through the resistor R97 to the base of the transistor VT46, will open it. Further, the high-level voltage from the collector of the transistor VT17 through the resistor R105 opens the transistor VT51, which, in turn, blocks the opening of the transistor VT49, preventing the high-level voltage from the collector of the transistor VT101 from flowing through the resistor R33. At the same time, the high-level voltage from the collector of the transistor VT17 through the resistors R81 and R109 is supplied to the bases of the transistors VT39 and VT53, opening them. The VT39 and VT53 collectors are connected to the emitters of the VT38 and VT52 transistors, which, in turn, makes it possible to open these transistors when a high level voltage is applied to their bases.

The functions of the first low-pass filter are performed by transistors VT12 - VT14, resistors R25 - R31, capacitors C8 and C9. Sound signals pass through this filter. The open transistor VT15 prevents the passage of hissing sounds in the speech signal from the collector of the transistor VT14, from where the low-frequency signal enters through the resistor R76 to the base of the transistor VT36, opening it. In this case, the transistor VT37 will close. The resulting high voltage from the collector of the VT37 transistor through the capacitor C20 (smoothing high voltage ripples), the resistor R85 enters the base of the VT40 transistor, opening it. The voltage across the voltage divider, consisting of resistors R84 and R89, will become zero through the diode VD10 and the open transistor VT40.

After passing through the first filter, the speech signal of the word "sound" comes in the form of the sound "wook" through the resistor R107 to the capacitor C25, the released voltage of which, passing through the resistor R108 and the diode VD14, opens the transistor VT52 of the memory circuit. Transistor VT53, which is in the emitter circuit of transistor VT52, is also open, since at its base there is a voltage of the sound storage signal "h" coming from the collector of transistor VT17 through resistor R109. This closes the transistor VT54, and the high-level voltage from its collector through the resistor R115 opens the transistor VT56. When a pause occurs (the word is spoken), the VT55 transistor opens, since the VT84 transistor closes in the voltage divider circuit of the resistors R89, R40 and the high-level voltage through the resistor R114 opens the VT55 transistor. Then the transistor VT57 closes and the resulting high voltage level on its collector through the resistor R123 will go to the base of the transistor VT61, opening it. Transistor VT62 is also open. The VT63 transistor will close, and the resulting high voltage level on its collector will go to output 12 of the control panel.

The second low-frequency filter contains transistors VT25, VT27, VT29, resistors R50, R52, R54, R55, capacitor C15.

The higher frequency components of the audio signal pass through the filter through the circuit C13 - VT23 - R47 - C14 - VT24 - H49 - VT26 - R5Z, entering the base of the VT28 transistor, opening it and preventing the hissing sounds of the speech signal from passing from the collector of the VT25 transistor.

as a result of this, the speech signal from the collector of the transistor VT25 passes further along the circuit C15 - VT27 - R54 - VT29 - R56 - C16 - VT30 - R58 - VT31, where the resulting voltage on the collector of the transistor VT31 is fed through the resistor R77 to the capacitor C24, the voltage level at which corresponds to the sound signal "vet" in the word "light" or "color". The voltage released on the capacitor C24 through the resistor R80, diode VD12, opens the transistor VT38 of the memory circuit. The VT39 transistor in its emitter circuit is also open, since its base is supplied with a high-level voltage of the sound storage signal “c” or “s” from the collector of the VT17 transistor through resistor R81. In this case, the transistor VT41 will close. The high voltage level formed on its collector will open the VT90 transistor through the resistor R43. The VT42 transistor standing in the circuit of its collector during a pause, when the word is spoken, will also be open. At the same time, the VT44 transistor will close. A high-level voltage from its collector through a resistor R95 will open the VT58 transistor, in the emitter circuit of which there is a VT59 transistor, which is opened by a high voltage level at its base from a voltage divider across resistors R120 and R121. Accordingly, the VT60 transistor will be closed, and the resulting high voltage level on its collector will go to output 9 of the control panel. Thus, at the output 9 of the control panel, a control command signal of the word "color" will appear.

If the word “light” is spoken, then the sound signal “c” from the collector of the VT8 transistor through the resistor R97 will open the VT46 transistor with its high voltage level, then the voltage across the divider from the resistors R120, R121 will become zero. As a result of this, the VT59 transistor will close and the VT60 transistor will open. A low voltage level will appear on its collector. There will be no control signal at the output 9 of the remote control. The collector of an open VT46 transistor, connected through a VD13 diode to the emitter of the VT45 transistor, ensures that the signal from the resistor R95 passes through it through the "base, emitter and its opening" junction. In this case, the VT47 transistor closes, a high voltage level appears on its collector, which is supplied to the output 6 of the control panel, which corresponds to the control command of the word "light".

When pronouncing a word, the ending of which will sound like the word "light" or any continuous speech with the words "light", "color" and "sound", a high voltage level appears on the collector of the VТЗЗ transistor, which passes through the resistor R101 to the base of the VT49 transistor, opening it, which, in turn, prevents the appearance of a high voltage level on the collector of the VT17 transistor of the memory circuit and, as a result, the absence of a high voltage level at outputs 6, 9, 12, which would correspond to the control commands of the words "light", "color", " sound". Here, a high voltage level first appears on the collector of the transistor VT 17, which through the resistor R105 opens the transistor VT51, the collector of which is connected to the collector of the transistor VT49, thereby preventing a high voltage level from appearing on its collector and opening the transistor VT41. The high voltage level formed on the collector of the VT128 transistor when the words "light" or "color" are received through the resistor R64 opens the VT129 transistor, and the low voltage level formed on its collector closes the VT62 transistor through the resistor R61, the collector of which is connected to the emitter of the transistor VT63. As a result of this, the VT12 transistor will open and a low voltage level will be present on its collector. This does not allow the command words "light" or "color" to appear at the output XNUMX of the control panel. All three commands uttered in succession are each sent to its own output.

The remote control uses a microphone "Shoroh-5". A drawing of the printed circuit board of the control panel with dimensions 180x155 mm is shown in Figure 2.

Rice. 2. Topology of the printed circuit board of the control panel (designations of the base, collector and emitter of transistors - in Latin letters B, C and E, respectively) (click to enlarge)

Control signals from outputs 6, 9, 12 of the remote control are fed to the inputs of the switches. All switches on the device are the same, so it is enough to consider the operation of one of them.

The switch (Fig. 3) allows you to turn on or off various devices when a control signal is applied to its input.

Rice. 3. Schematic diagram and topology of the printed circuit board of the switch (designations of the base, collector and emitter of transistors - in Latin letters B, C and E, respectively) (click to enlarge)

The device works as follows. The +12V supply voltage is supplied to input 4 from the control panel, to the first switch - from output 5, to the second switch - from output 8, to the third switch - from output 11. Negative input 6 is connected at the first switch to output 7 of the remote control, and the output 10 of the remote control - with the minus of the second switch and output 13 - with the minus of the third switch. Input 5 receives a control signal (high-level voltage), which passes through resistor R1 and resistor R2, diode VD1 to the base of transistor VT1, opening it, while transistor VT2 closes. The voltage formed on its collector charges the capacitor C1, which, through the resistor R9, keeps the transistor VT1 in the open state, and as a result, the transistor VT2 remains in the closed state.

The control signal of transistors VT5 and VT1 received at input 2 is stored. Now the high-level voltage from the collector of the transistor VT2 will go through the resistor R7 to the base of the transistor VT3, opening it, the transistor VT4 will also open, which will turn on the relay K1. Its contacts will close and the actuator will turn on. At the same time, a high-level voltage from the collector of transistor VT2 will go through resistor R10, capacitor C2, resistor R14 with a delay to the base of transistor VT5, opening it, and transistor VT6 will close. The next control signal received at input 5 passes through resistor R2, diode VD2 to the collector of open transistor VT5, and this signal also passes through resistors R1 and R5 to the base of transistor VT2, opening it. Capacitor C2 will discharge through the open transistor VT1. Transistors VT3 and VT4 will close. Relay K1 and the actuator will turn off.

At the next receipt of the control signal, relay K1 will operate, its contacts 3, 2 will close and the actuator will turn on. The subsequent control signal through relay K1 will turn off the actuator, etc.

The device uses relay K1 type FRS10C-03. Relay 12V: 3A/125V. Capacitors C1, C2 - electrolytic. Resistors - MLT type at 0,125 W. The topology of a printed circuit board with dimensions of 75x30 mm is shown in Figure 3.

See other articles Section Clocks, timers, relays, load switches.

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