trinistor regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors

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The proposed trinistor power controller (Fig. 1), specially designed to control a collector motor (electric drill, fan, etc.), has some features. Firstly, an electric motor with a power trinistor is included in one of the diagonals of the rectifier bridge, and mains voltage is applied to the other. In addition, this trinistor is controlled not by short pulses, as in traditional devices, but by wider ones, due to which short-term load interruptions, typical for a running collector motor, do not affect the stability of the regulator.

(click to enlarge)

A generator of short (fractions of milliseconds) positive pulses is assembled on a unijunction transistor, used to control the auxiliary trinistor VS1. The generator is powered by a trapezoidal voltage obtained by limiting the positive half-waves of a sinusoidal voltage following at a frequency of 1 Hz by the zener diode VD100. With the advent of each half-wave of such a voltage, capacitor C1 begins to charge through a circuit of resistors R1 R3. The charging rate of the capacitor can be adjusted within certain limits by a variable resistor R1.

As soon as the voltage on the capacitor reaches the threshold of the transistor (it depends on the voltage at the bases of the transistor and can be regulated by resistors R4 and R5), a positive pulse appears on the resistor R5, which then arrives at the control electrode of the trinistor VS1. This trinistor opens, and a longer (compared to the control) pulse that appears on the resistor R6 turns on the power trinistor VS2. Through it, the supply voltage is supplied to the electric motor M1.

The moment of opening the control and power trinistors, and hence the power at the load (in other words, the speed of the motor shaft) is regulated by a variable resistor R1.

Since an inductive load is included in the anode circuit of the SCR VS2, spontaneous opening of the SCR can be observed even without a signal on the control electrode. To avoid this, a VD2 diode is connected in parallel with the excitation winding L of the electric motor.

In addition to that indicated in the diagram, the auxiliary trinistor VS1 can be another low-power one, with a permissible forward voltage of at least 100 V; trinistor VS2 - KU202M. KU201K. KU201L; zener diode - with a stabilization voltage of 27 ... 36 V; diode VD2 - any rectifier with a current of at least 0,3 A and a reverse voltage of more than 400 V; diodes VD3 ... VD6 - designed for a rectified current more than the starting current of the electric motor and a reverse voltage of at least 400 V. Variable resistor - SP-1, constant - MLT-0.25 (R2 ... R6) and MLT-2 (R7), capacitor - KM-6.

The details of the regulator, except for the variable resistor and the VD2 diode (it is installed on the electric motor), are mounted on a foil fiberglass board. Hollow rivets are installed on the board at points 1 ... 3, to which the conductors from the variable resistor and the electric motor are subsequently soldered. A board with a variable resistor is placed in a case of a suitable size, on the wall of which you can install a socket for connecting an electric motor.

When adjusting the regulator, they use a stroboscope that measures the rotational speed of an electric drill cartridge or a fan impeller, or an AC voltmeter (preferably an electromagnetic or electrodynamic system) connected in parallel with the load. First, the resistor R2 is set with a resistance of 30 kOhm, and instead of R3, a variable resistor with a resistance of 220 kOhm is included. By moving the resistor slider from one extreme position to another, note the change in voltage at the load. Using resistor R3, set the adjustment range of this voltage to 90 ... 220 V, after which the resulting resistance of resistor R3 is measured and a constant resistor of the same or possibly close value is soldered into the board .

If the motor is unstable at the minimum supply voltage, a resistor R2 with a lower resistance is installed.

Author: G.Denisov, Minsk

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