Welding baby. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / welding equipment

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The welding machine is powered by 220 V and has high electrical characteristics. Thanks to the use of a new form of magnetic core, the weight of the device is only 9 kg with overall dimensions of 125x150 mm. This is achieved by using a torus-shaped transformer strip iron instead of the traditional W-shaped plate pack. The electrical characteristics of a transformer on a torus-magnetic circuit are approximately 5 times higher than those of an Ш-shaped one, and the electrical losses are minimal.

To get rid of the search for scarce transformer iron, you can buy a ready-made "Latr" for 9 A in the store or use a torus magnetic circuit from a burned-out laboratory transformer. To do this, remove the fence, fittings and remove the burnt winding. The released magnetic circuit must be isolated from future winding layers with electric cardboard or two layers of varnished cloth.

The welding transformer has two independent windings. In the primary, a PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 1,2 mm and a length of 170 m was used. For convenience, you can use a shuttle (a wooden lath 50 x 50 mm with slots at the ends), on which the entire wire is pre-wound. A layer of insulation is placed between the windings. The secondary winding - copper wire in cotton or vitreous insulation - has 45 turns over the primary. Inside the wire have a turn to turn, and from the outside; with a small gap - for uniform arrangement and better cooling.

Rice. 1. Baby welder

Rice. 2. Transformer of the welding machine: 1 - primary winding, 2 - secondary winding, 3 - wire coil, 4 - yoke

Rice. 3. Electric circuit of the welding machine

It is more convenient to do the work together: one carefully, without touching the adjacent turns, so as not to damage the insulation, pulls and lays the wire, and the assistant holds the free end, preventing it from twisting. A welding transformer made in this way will give a current of 80-185 A.

If you purchased a "Latr" for 9 A and upon inspection it turned out that its winding was intact, then the matter is greatly simplified. Using the finished winding as the primary, it is possible to assemble a welding transformer in 1 hour, giving a current of 70-150 A. To do this, remove the guard, current-collecting slider and mounting hardware. Then identify and mark the leads for 220 V, and securely insulate the remaining ends, temporarily press them against the magnetic circuit so as not to damage them during operation, with the secondary winding. The installation of the latter is carried out in the same way as in the previous version, while using a copper wire of the same cross section and length.

The assembled transformer is placed on an insulated platform in the former casing, having previously drilled ventilation holes in it. The wires of the primary winding are connected to the 220 V network with a SHRPS or VRP cable; in the circuit, it is necessary to provide an AP-25 disconnecting machine. The conclusions of the secondary winding are connected to flexible insulated wires of the PRG, an electrode holder is attached to one of them, and the workpiece to be welded to the other. The same wire is grounded for the safety of the welder. Current regulation is provided by the inclusion in series in the wire circuit of the electrode holder of the ballast - nichrome or constantan wire with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 5 m, coiled "snake", which is attached to the asbestos-cement sheet. All wire and ballast connections are made with M10 bolts. Using the selection method, moving the point of attachment of the wire along the "snake", set the required current. It is possible to adjust the current using electrodes of different diameters. Electrodes of the type E-5RA UONII-13/55 - 2,0-UD1 with a diameter of 1-3 mm are used for welding.

All necessary materials for the welding transformer can be purchased from the distribution network. And for a person familiar with electrical engineering, making such an apparatus is not difficult.

When working, in order to avoid burns, it is necessary to use a fiber protective shield equipped with a light filter E-1, E-2. Headgear, overalls and gloves are also required. The welding machine must be protected from moisture and not allowed to overheat. Approximate mode of operation with an electrode with a diameter of 3 mm: for a transformer with a current of 80-185 A - 10 electrodes, and with a current of 70-150 A - 3 electrodes; after which the device must be disconnected from the network for at least 5 minutes.

Author: B.Sokolov, engineer, laureate of TsV NTTM-87

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