Fire safety measures. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Fire safety measures. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical safety, fire safety

When equipment is used, its reliability may deteriorate, which leads to a decrease in fire safety. The deterioration of the reliability of electrical equipment is possible due to mechanical influences on it and an increase in the heating of current-carrying parts and cases.

In addition to mechanical violations of electrical equipment cases, it is possible to violate its degree of protection due to the actions of personnel due to illiteracy and negligence. For example, a machine left uncovered or a motor without a cover on the terminal box is not fireproof if it was before.

The initial cause of heating current-carrying parts or cases of electrical equipment is a large current or increased resistance in the circuits. High current may be caused by a short circuit in the circuits downstream of this machine or an increase in load current.

An undisconnected short-circuit current can cause burnout of current-carrying parts inside the device, a short circuit between phases and to the body of the device, which can cause a large heating of the body of the device or its burnout with a fire hazard. The load current for this machine may be large when it is not selected correctly for this current.

Short-circuit current flowing through ground conductors can cause sparks in unreliable terminals or burnout of conductors, which is also a fire hazard.

Heating source there may be weak clamps in live parts or grounding conductors. Weak clamp parts heat up and oxidize, further increasing resistance and heat.

If no action is taken, the clamp may burn out, which may cause a short circuit between the phases and to the body of the device and may lead to burnout of the body.

The heating of the connecting terminals of the device may be due to the fact that wires of a smaller cross section than necessary are used, which, when heated, heat the terminal itself. The reason may also be in an incorrectly or carelessly made clamp.

Heating of the ends of the wires can also be at the point of contact of the wire with the tip and at a normal current value. In this case, crimping the tip does not help, and the tip must be cut off from the wire and another one installed, and if it is not there, then the wire can be temporarily connected without a tip, bent with a ring, which will be more reliable than with a heated tip.

An increase in the resistance in the terminals of the grounding conductors leads not only to an increase in the contact voltage, but also to a fire hazard due to the heating of the terminal and its sparking.

Consideration should be given to the possibility of overheating of the devices and from heating of the working contacts and their attachment points due to an increase in resistance at the point of contact of the contacts. This resistance can be increased if the contacts are loosely touched and, as a result, from their oxidation.

From heating, there may be a burnout and short circuit not only of current-carrying parts, but partial or complete combustion of plastic parts and apparatus cases, which can lead to a fire.

It is possible to ensure the reliability of electrical equipment and the associated fire safety only with proper maintenance of electrical equipment.

As a rule, after a fire, electrical equipment and wiring are considered to be the cause. Based on the above, there is a possibility of such a cause, but after a fire it can be difficult to find evidence. They have to be searched for by the fire inspector in the presence of the person responsible for the electrical equipment and the personnel servicing this electrical installation.

There are also indisputable cases of fire in electrical installations and wiring of premises.

The wires in the heat generator control panel light up if this panel is located close to the furnace. The reason is overheating of the wires, especially in the presence of fuel leaks. Ignition can also be facilitated by ignition with a torch when the automatic ignition of the firebox does not work.

There may be a fire at the electric heater if the access of air to the heating elements is accidentally blocked or if the fan that drives this air through the heater fails when the heating elements are not turned off, for example, when welding the starter contacts.

There are fires in rural wooden houses. The reason is that wiring is sometimes performed by illiterate people and in the absence of the necessary materials. In this case, there may be twists of wires in the holes of the walls, behind the meter shield and in other hidden places, and these twists light up over time. Wiring in general can be closed with insulation plates, which are pressed close to the meter shield, sockets, which makes it difficult to remove heat and increase the likelihood of fire.

In any apartments, there can be a fire from overheating sockets, electric heaters located near combustible objects, from sunbathing of TVs left unattended, etc.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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