What is DIGITAL? Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur
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We are starting to explore the near-digital space.
Well, in general, it makes no sense to explain to you what a figure is for a long time. In the yard of the XXI century - and everything around is digital. It's scary... Our task is to figure out what a "digital signal" is and learn how to work with it.
Everything that we see, hear, feel is analog values.
The room can have bright lighting, it can be just light, it can be gloomy or even dark. The sound can be very loud, it can be just loud, or not loud at all, or even quite quiet. It can be unbearably hot outside. Or just hot. Or warm. Or cold. Or such a dubak that crows fall on the fly ...
In short, an analog value can take on any value. Maybe 25 degrees, maybe 25.4, maybe 10,3; -5,2; +17,47…
The number of values that an analog value can take is infinite
Any digital value can take only two values. "True" or "false". In other words - "1" or "0". This is the fundamental difference between digital and analogue.
What can be written using one digital variable (they are also called Boolean variables)?
Well, for example:
the answer to an unambiguous question is yes / no,
time of day - day / night,
temperature sign outside the window - +/-,
gender - m/f,
etc.
Fine. Well, what is it - digital sound, digital video, etc.? (You ask).
I will answer - this is an analog signal, represented by a number of digital variables. It's clear? Not good. Well, let's find out now!
To begin with, let's try to "digitize" the time of day. That is, assign each time of day its own unique combination of variables. We have four of these variables: morning, afternoon, evening, night. To begin with, we will divide these 4 values into 2 groups according to some criterion, in order to write them down using one digital variable.
Let's say:
morning, afternoon - "light time" (0)
evening, night - "dark time" (1)
Now we need to divide each group into two more parts. Let morning and evening be the "first part" (0) of light and dark time, respectively.
Day and night will be the "second part" (1).
Now we will describe each time of day using the terms we have introduced. So:
MORNING - daylight hours (0), first part (0);
DAY - daylight hours (0), the second part (1);
EVENING - dark time (1), the first part (0);
NIGHT - dark time (1), the second part (1).
Thus, for each time of day, we got our own unique set of features:
Morning = 00
Day = 01
Evening = 10
Night = 11.
That is, we have described four states with the help of two digital variables. In other words, with two bit.
A bit is an elementary unit of information. Everything in the world can be described using a certain number of bits. A sequence of 8 bits is a byte...
... Well, of course, everyone knows this ... But not everyone probably knows that a byte can be called an 8-bit number in the binary number system. What is it - read more
Publication: irls.narod.ru
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