Electronic clock without... electronics. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

 Comments on the article

Today it is difficult to find an apartment where there would not be two or even three chronometers: wall-mounted or desktop, mechanical or electronic. One clock in the room, the other in the kitchen...

Is it possible to replace them with one, but so that at the same time they become not less, but even more! Wait to be surprised - read the article.

Outwardly, these watches are no different from electronic counterparts: the same case, the same scoreboard with numbers (Fig. 1 A). But inside the case, instead of an intricate mosaic of integrated circuits ... an old mechanical watch, only without a dial. In place of the dial, a panel of foil-coated getinax is mounted with four concentric sections of contact pads connected to the cathodes of glow-discharge indicator lamps. Current-collecting brushes made of steel wires soldered to the minute and hour hands move along the contact pads (Fig. 1 C). They close the contacts in a certain sequence, and the figures of the current time are displayed on the display. The design idea belongs to N. Simeonov from the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but we have slightly modified it.

Such watches are not afraid of being disconnected from the network - only the indicators will go out, and the mechanism will continue to work. The current consumed by the indicators is so small (1 mA) that additional digital displays can be connected to the clock through the switching connectors and installed at a distance of several tens of meters from the case.

Making a clock is not difficult, but the work will require great precision and accuracy. First, cut a circle with a diameter of 54 mm from foil getinax or textolite. With a compass-measuring tool, carefully scratch a circle with a diameter of 10 mm in it, and then three more circles with diameters of 20, 30 and 40 mm. Then the circle is divided into shares, as shown in Figure 1B. After marking in the center of the workpiece, drill a hole with a diameter of 5 mm and with a sharply sharpened cutter made from a piece of a hacksaw blade, cut shallow grooves exactly along the marked lines. Clean the board with fine sandpaper. In each resulting pad, drill a hole with a diameter of 0,5 ... 0,8 mm for soldering wires.

Now turn the workpiece over and cut grooves for the mounting wires on its back, not covered with foil side. This is necessary so that the wires do not get into the watch mechanism. It is best to use a wire with a diameter of 0,2 ... 0,4 mm in enamel insulation for installation. After soldering, lay the wires in the grooves and fill with glue.

To read information in Simeonov's watch, slightly modified ordinary hour hands are used. They are shortened and two holes are drilled in each for attaching current-collecting brushes made of thin steel wire with a diameter of 0,12 ... 0,14 mm. The antennae of the brushes must be soldered to the arrows. They should be springy and fit snugly to the pads. In order for the brushes to jump from one platform to another, the latter should be placed as close to each other as possible (see Fig. 1B).

The electrical circuit of the clock is shown in Figure 2. Four digital glow discharge indicators IN-14 are used here (indicators IN-4 are also suitable). The appearance of the panel depends on the type of indicators used. Diode D226B can be replaced by any rectifier diode designed for a reverse voltage of 300 V.

The operation of the clock largely depends on the location of the board with contact pads relative to the axis of rotation of the hands. When assembling the clock, it is necessary to ensure that the current-collecting brushes simultaneously jump into the groove between the contact pads. After a rough fit, the board can be glued to the watch case. Empirically select the optimal shape of the brushes. The accuracy of reading information depends on the accuracy of this work.

Replace the metal handles for the translation of the arrows and the winding, as well as the back cover of the watch case with plastic ones, since the watch mechanism is energized. After this operation, the clock is installed in the case. If necessary, standard 30- or 32-pin connectors are mounted in the housing for connecting additional digital displays. As you can see, this design gives a huge advantage: having only one clock in the house, you can have them ... as many as you like.

By the way, in this way you can give a second life to antediluvian old grandmother's walkers gathering dust. To do this, it is enough to install the same contact disk instead of their dial and attach brushes to their arrows.

Remember that the watch mechanism is energized. Strictly observe safety precautions. Do not forget to close the board with arrows and contact pads with a protective cover made of insulating material.

Author: M.Koltovoy

See other articles Section Beginner radio amateur.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive Translucent flexible solar cells 26.12.2013 Hendrik Bolink from the University of Valencia (Spain) and his colleagues experimented with organic compound molecules from methane and ammonia tails, as well as iodine and lead atoms. Spanish physicists have created translucent solar cells based on thin films of an organic analogue of the mineral perovskite, which are highly efficient and can bend, which allows them to be used as a tinted coating for glasses, according to an article in the journal Nature. In recent years, scientists have created several exotic materials that can increase the efficiency of solar cells by several times. In particular, the attention of physicists is increasingly attracted by the mineral perovskite, whose thin films are semiconductors that convert light energy into electricity well. Hendrik Bolink from the University of Valencia (Spain) and his colleagues experimented with organic compound molecules from methane and ammonia tails, as well as iodine and lead atoms. Having studied the chemical properties of this substance, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that it is similar in its properties to perovskite and can capture photons of light just as well and convert their energy into electricity. The authors of the article tested this hypothesis by evaporating small amounts of methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I) and lead iodide (PbI2) in a vacuum chamber containing a small plate. Vapors of these substances "settled" on the plate and connected with each other, forming a thin layer of perovskite. Then the scientists packed this film into a "sandwich" of two pieces of conventional organic semiconductors - PCBM and PolyTPD, used in the manufacture of organosilicon photocells, inserted electrodes into it and checked it out. It turned out that their invention absorbed about 12% of the energy of light, which is comparable to the best performance for thin-film solar cells. The main advantage of the invention of Bolink and his colleagues is that such solar cells are translucent and flexible. Coupled with their microscopic thickness, this allows such photovoltaic cells to be used as glass coatings capable of generating electricity or heat.

Other interesting news:

▪ The battery is being charged by the computer

▪ Student Chromebook CTL H4

▪ Wooden floor that generates electricity from steps

▪ HEVC hardware encoder

▪ Printer for printing LEDs and photocells

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Riddles for adults and children. Article selection

▪ article Erase random features - and you will see: the world is beautiful. Popular expression

▪ article Where did ceramic restoration become an art form using gold powder? Detailed answer

▪ Mount Kilimanjaro article. Nature miracle

▪ article Theory: oscillation frequency stabilization. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Notes on the operation and repair of electric motors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024