Zvitektor and cuprox. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Zvitektor and cuprox. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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The beginning of the last century in radio engineering was marked by the introduction of crystal detectors into wide practice, which made it possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the first radio receivers that did not yet have amplifying stages. But even after the invention of the radio tube, detector receivers did not lose ground due to their general availability, cheapness and simplicity, and the lack of power sources. The search for the best detection crystals continued, with galen and zincite gaining popularity. But the great difficulty of a scrupulous search for a "sensitive point" on the crystal with the tip of a wire spring made it difficult to use the receiver. Finally, in the early thirties, a miniature copper-oxide detector was proposed that did not require adjustment. We have it and got the name "zvitektor".

The detecting pair in the zvitector was a contact of copper and cuprous oxide (CuO), cuprum oxide, or, in short, cuprox. Many people made zvitektors on their own by heating a piece of copper wire in air. Observing a certain technology, it was possible to obtain a layer of cuprous oxide on the surface. By 1935, industrial production of zvitektors was mastered in Nizhny Novgorod, and radio listeners received an "eternal" detector of sufficient sensitivity that did not require adjustment.

According to listeners, the zvitektor was somewhat inferior to a good galenic detector in sensitivity when receiving weak stations, but it gave almost the same reception volume of medium-strength and more powerful stations. Nizhny Novgorod radio amateurs reported that the zvitektor provided loud-speaking reception of a local 10-kilowatt radio station at a distance of up to 8 km. the "Record" loudspeaker, which was common at that time, was used, and the antenna was located on the roof of a two-story building on two 6-meter masts.

To improve the selectivity of the receiver, a two-loop circuit was recommended, as shown in the figure. It can be seen that it was possible to regulate both the connection between the coils and the connection with the zvitector and antenna by moving the taps. The receiver made it possible to receive in Nizhny the Moscow station named after. Comintern without interference from the aforementioned local station.

Zvitector and Cuprox

It is curious that in those years, and abroad, interest in detector receivers not only did not fall, but even increased. The magazine "Wireless World" wrote that in case of emergency (war, natural disasters), first of all, the sources and transmission lines of electricity and tube receivers will be silenced. The magazine called for each tube receiver to have a detector receiver for reserve.

Along with zvigectors, more powerful devices based on copper oxide appeared - cuprox rectifiers. They had a much larger contact area and allowed a significant current. Cuprox rectifiers were used in mains rectifiers and even for charging batteries. Subsequently, the "cuproxes" were replaced by more advanced selenium rectifiers, and then by semiconductor diodes.

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