Garage traffic light. Scheme, description

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Garage traffic light. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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There are many motorists, but not all of them have their own garage. When the garage is remote, like a lonely monument, stands in the middle of a wasteland or is located near a private house, it is both simple and convenient to use it. And in populous cities, a huge army of car owners are members of collective garage cooperatives or park their cars in parking lots.

On the territory of such garages, cars scurry back and forth, and sometimes the "uncle watchman" does not have time to regulate traffic at the entrance and exit, especially "during rush hours", when people start "all of a sudden" to leave in the morning and arrive in the evening. Congestion is created, the probability of collisions is high. Even installing a barrier does not save the situation.

The proposed device (traffic light controller) is intended to facilitate and secure traffic at the entrance to collective garages and parking lots. Such a device will also be useful in underground garages, near elevators and loading and unloading areas at wholesale depots.

(click to enlarge)

The controller is built on only 2 microcircuits, 3 optocouplers and 3 triacs.

The master square-wave generator is made on two elements DD1.1 and DD1.2 of the K561LA7 microcircuit. The frequency of the output pulses of the generator is determined by the values of R1, R2 and C1. By changing the capacitance C1, it is possible to change the frequency to a significant extent (with an increase in capacitance, the pulse frequency decreases, and vice versa). The generator controls the counter DD2 (K561IE8). At low levels (logical "0") at the reset input R (pin 15) and CP (pin 13) DD2 clock pulses arriving at the input CN (pin 14) DD2 sequentially change the state of the counter bits. The microcircuit switches synchronously with a positive edge at the CN input. At a high level (logical "1") at the input of the CP, the account is disabled, and the state of the counter is fixed. With "1" at the reset input R, the counter is cleared.

When the power is turned on, input R, connected to output 4, is set to "0", allowing the operation of the microcircuit. The first output signal ("1") is generated at output 0 DD2, which leads to the ignition of the optocoupler LED VU1 (AOU163). The optosimistor opens, which, in turn, turns on the triac VS1 (KU208G). as a result, the red lamp EL1 lights up. Using VS1, you can control incandescent pumps up to 800 W, and if the load power is less than 600 W, you do not need to install a triac on the radiator. Thanks to the use of an optocoupler, the control circuits (chip signals) and the power section (lamp circuits) are completely decoupled. The input current for the AOU163 optocoupler (the old name is 5P50) is only 10 mA. which allows you to make a device with a low current consumption from the power source (without taking into account the current consumption of the power unit, it does not exceed 35 mA).

The second output signal DD2 is taken from output 1, passes through the diode VD1 to the optocoupler VU2, which, opening similarly to VU1, leads to the ignition of the yellow lamp EL2. Another control signal for the EL2 lamp comes from output 3 of DD2. This is done so that the yellow signal of the traffic light lights up between red and green, and vice versa, between green and red, which provides additional traffic safety in the control area and repeats the algorithm of industrial traffic lights.

The third control signal comes from output 2 DD2 and causes the optocoupler VU3 to turn on and the green lamp EL3 to turn on. Thus, the switching of light signals is carried out according to the algorithm: red - yellow - green - yellow - red. When a high level appears at output 4 DD2, it enters the input R, and the counter switches to the new count mode, i.e. "1" reappears at pin 3, and the cycle repeats from the beginning. The switching frequency of the light signals depends on the frequency of the master oscillator on the DD1 chip. The burning time of each lamp is one cycle of the generator (in this case, 10 s).

If you need to set a different indication sequence, for example, so that there are only two lights in the traffic light (red and green), which may be needed for allowing traffic lights when entering garages, the scheme is changed as follows. Elements VD1, VD2, R4, VU2, VS2, EL2 are excluded, and R5 is connected to output 1 of DD2.

In some cases a flashing light is needed. For example, so that yellow flashes several times between red and green signals, warning of a change in traffic lights. For this option, R5 is connected to output 8 (pin 9) of DD2. input R is connected to output 9 (pin 11) DD2. To the connection point of the cathodes VD1 and VD2 and R4 are connected by analogy with VD1. VD2 are four more similar diodes. The anodes of all these diodes (including VD1, VD2) are connected respectively to terminals 2; 4; 7; 10; 1; 5; 6DD2. In this variant of turning on the light signals, the traffic light after the red signal will flash yellow six times, after which the green signal will turn on. And then the cycle will repeat from the beginning.

The elements of the device are mounted on the circuit board, their outputs are connected with a flexible wire MGTF-0,6. The case for a design - any suitable. Plafonds with lamps are installed in the right place. To neutralize the incident natural light, they have tin canopies. As ceiling lamps, you can use unnecessary headlights, for example, from a truck ("Volvo FL-7"), installing appropriate cartridges and incandescent lamps for a voltage of 220 V in them, or take industrial ceiling lamps with a protective grill (PF-115). Inside the shades, incandescent lamps are installed with red, yellow and green nitro-paint previously applied to the bulbs.

Timing oxide capacitor C1. on which the frequency of the generator strongly depends, should be with a minimum leakage current and a stable TKE (temperature coefficient of capacitance). The circuit uses a capacitor type K53-19. For even better temperature stability, it is desirable to use a non-polar capacitor of the KT4-23 type. K10-28 or a foreign equivalent of KWC.

All fixed resistors - MLT-0,25, MF-25. Chip DD1 can be replaced by K561LE5, K561LN2. In the latter case, the conclusions for connecting the microcircuit will be different. In addition, it is permissible to use foreign analogues - CD4011A (K561LA7) and CD4017A (K661IE8). Diodes VD1, VD2 can be replaced with KD521. KD510. KD513. D311. D220, D9 with any letter index and similar.

The current consumption of the node for generating and counting pulses at a supply voltage of 12 V does not exceed 35 mA. The power supply for the device is stabilized with voltage within 6.-..14 V.

Instead of AOU163, you can use AOU163 with any letter index, its analogue is the 5P50 AC optoelectronic relay, produced before 1996, or foreign analogues - MOC3010. MOC3009, MOC3012, MOC3052. Triacs KU208G, in extreme cases, can be replaced by KU208V. Incandescent lamps are selected depending on the specific application of the traffic light.

With serviceable parts and error-free installation, the device starts working immediately. Setting up the device consists in setting the pulse frequency at the output of the clock generator to approximately 0,1 Hz.

Author: A.Kashkarov, St. Petersburg

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