A simple battery discharging device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Batteries, chargers
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The author uses a simplified device assembled on domestic elements to discharge the batteries. It is also powered only from a discharged battery and automatically disconnects from it when its voltage drops to a predetermined level of 0,95 ... 1 V.
Fig. 1
The scheme of the proposed device is shown in the figure. The discharge device itself is assembled on transistors VT1 and VT2, resistors R1-R3, capacitor C1. LED HL1 - discharge indicator. It is connected in series with the current limiting resistor R5. Since the voltage of one battery is not enough to light this indicator, a step-up voltage converter is used to power the LED, containing a blocking oscillator and a rectifier based on the VD1 diode with a smoothing capacitor C3. The blocking oscillator is assembled on a transistor VT3, a step-up transformer T1, a resistor R4 and a capacitor C2. The SB1 button is designed to start discharging the battery.
Transistor VT1 - silicon bipolar p-n-p structure with a maximum collector current, 1,5 ... 2 times the maximum battery discharge current, and a saturation voltage of not more than 0,2 V. Transistors VT2 and VT3 - any silicon bipolar low-power corresponding structure. T1 - miniature pulse transformer TIM251 V. Capacitors C1 and C3 - aluminum oxide. Capacitor C2 - any ceramic.
To establish the device, a voltage source is required, continuously adjustable within 0,8 ... 1,5V. It is connected through a series-connected milliammeter instead of a discharged battery G1. First, set the voltage to 0,8 V and check that when you press the SB1 button, the HL1 LED lights up. Next, resistor R2 is selected so that the device automatically turns off at the required value of a smoothly decreasing voltage. It is possible to facilitate the adjustment of the device if, instead of a constant resistor R2, a multi-turn tuning resistor is installed, for example SG13-39N, included as a rheostat. Resistor R1 is selected, if necessary, so that the transistor VT1 is saturated and the voltage drop between its collector and emitter does not exceed 0,2 V. By selecting resistor R3, the required discharge current is set.
The cut-off voltage is determined by the temperature-dependent parameters of transistors VT1 and VT2. The device can be further simplified by removing the elements shown in the diagram to the right of the resistor R3. The discharge mode indicator can be a milliammeter connected in series with resistor R3, or a miniature incandescent lamp connected in parallel with this resistor. For example, the glow of the SMN-6,3-20 lamp is noticeable at a voltage of 1 V.
Author: A. Suchinsky
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