Wind power installations. Wind turbines. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Wind power unit AVE-250 SM

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The main distinctive quality of the AVE-250SM wind turbine is their ability to work in dead-end sections of electrical systems, in local power systems together with diesel generators of comparable or lower power, as well as autonomously (by one or a group of wind turbines) in the absence of electricity in the industrial network. In addition, the automation of the wind turbine is designed both for automatic start and shutdown (according to wind parameters), and with the help of an operator, including remotely, including remote access using a dedicated communication channel or via the Internet.

The wind turbine (Fig. 4.5) can operate on an industrial network without modification.

Fig.4.5. AVE-250SM

Design and operation features

The AVE-250SM wind power plant is made at the modern technical level. Fiberglass materials are used in the design of the blades. The hub of the wind wheel is made of titanium alloy. The orientation of the wind turbine to the wind occurs with the help of windwheels, i.e. orientation of the wind turbine is carried out even in the complete absence of electricity on the unit, which makes it possible to optimally, in terms of wind loads, including wind loads, the location of the head of the unit both in operating mode and out of operation. The foundation of the wind turbine, taking into account permafrost soils, is made on piles of prefabricated reinforced concrete or metal structures.

The wind turbine has its own autonomous control system installed inside the tower of the unit and its own relay protection (network-unit, unit-network). The control system allows you to connect a computer, which in turn allows you to control and monitor the unit at a considerable distance from the control room of the energy system in which the wind turbine operates.

The package includes:

• wind turbine head: nacelle with transmission;
• set of blades;
• auxiliary systems;
• control cabinet;
• cable set;
• wind turbine tower: sections 1...3;
• foundation support ring (FOK);
• additional mounting elements;
• ZIP kit.

Depending on the specific conditions and needs, it can be additionally equipped with:

• transformer 0,4/6 or 0,4/10 or 0,4/20 kV with a power of 250 kW;
• complete switchgear (KRU 6, 10 or 20 kV);
• cable sets for power generation to the consumer 0,4, 6,10 or 20 kV;
• ACS station;
• prefabricated reinforced concrete or metal foundation on piles for permafrost conditions.

terms of Use

The wind turbine is designed for use in climatic regions with a cold climate (ambient temperature from minus 50°C to + 40°C), has a climatic version HL (category I atmosphere II and IV) in accordance with GOST 15150-69 and is operable when operating under the influence of climatic and other factors listed below:

• atmospheric pressure 630 - 800 mm Hg
• relative air humidity, 80% at t =150С; 100% at t = 25 0С;
• type of atmosphere - marine.

On fig. 4.6 shows the dependence of the generated electrical power on the wind speed. In table. 4.1 shows the technical characteristics of AVE 250-SM.

Fig.4.6. Dependence of electric power on wind speed

Table 4.1. Specifications AVE 250-SM

Wind turbine VEU-5 and VEU 1500

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The wind power plant is designed to supply autonomous consumers remote from the systems of centralized supply of electricity and heat (Fig. 4.7).

The main (basic) package includes plumage, wind generator, blades, mast, cable, falling mast, guy wires, anchor bolts, switch. This configuration of the wind turbine is designed to generate electricity of unstabilized voltage and frequency, which can only be used for heating purposes.

To obtain household electricity (voltage 220 V or 380 V and frequency 50 Hz), in addition to the basic configuration, the supply of a control unit, an inverter, batteries, an electric water heater is carried out.

If it is necessary to switch electricity consumers to a stationary network, the wind turbine is additionally equipped with a switch and a starter. In addition, at the request of the consumer, a diesel power plant together with starters, a winch, an electric water heater, and embedded parts for the foundation are supplied for a fee.

Fig.4.7. Wind turbine PW 30/14

In table. 4.2 shows the technical characteristics of VEU-5. On fig. 4.8 shows the dependence of the power of the wind turbine-5 on the wind speed.

Table 4.2

Power at rated load, kW

Fig.4.8. Characteristics of VEU-5

The installation has positively proved itself as an autonomous power supply that does not require maintenance.

Distinctive features of wind turbine 1500:

The design of the wind turbine 1500 provides for the possibility of regular connection of a solar battery with a power of up to 500 W.

1. The production of useful energy starts at a wind speed of 2,5 m/s.

2. The design uses a high-precision centrifugal aerodynamic regulator to control the pitch angle of the blades and provide protection from wind.

3. In the design of the wind turbine, a direct-drive small-sized generator with magnets from Ma-Re-Br was used.

4. There is an electronic adaptive power take-off system, which makes it possible to obtain a wind utilization factor of 0,41.

5. High-modulus composite materials based on hot curing epoxy resins are used in the design of the blades and body.

6. Wind turbine installation is carried out by self-lifting.

7. In the entire range of winds, the wind turbine maintains a low level of its own aerodynamic noise.

8. Modern design, minimum overall weight of wind turbines (42kg.) and electronic control unit (weight 3,5kg, dimensions 265x185x95mm), compact packaging for transportation. The wind power plant with a capacity of 1,5 kW is designed for autonomous supply of electricity to consumers in areas with an average annual wind speed of at least 4,5 m/s.

Table 4.3 gives the technical characteristics of the WEU-1500. On fig. 4.9 shows the dependence of the power of the wind turbine-1500 on the wind speed.

Table 4.3. Technical characteristics of wind turbine 1500

Fig.4.9. VEU-1500 power dependence on wind speed

A general view of the VEU-1500 installation is shown in fig. 4.10.

Fig.4.10. WEU 1500

The installation operates in the following modes:

• in the battery charge mode for powering electrical appliances with direct current and a stabilized voltage of 48 V, power consumption up to 1500 W;
• in battery-free mode - for thermal load;
• in the mode of joint (parallel) operation with a solar battery, with a power of up to 500 W, both for the battery charge and for the thermal load.

For the most efficient use of the capabilities of the wind turbine 1500, it is recommended to use a number of additional devices such as:

1. Solar battery:

During calm periods, solar panels provide the necessary minimum power consumption. It is recommended to use modules connected in series with a total voltage of 52 to 56 V and a total power of up to 500 W (usually modules with a voltage of 14 V and a power of 50 W are produced).

2. Rechargeable batteries (AB):

In remote areas, routine maintenance of conventional acid batteries is difficult, so it is recommended to use sealed lead-acid batteries with absorbed electrolyte and built-in control valves. Batteries of this type are equipped with a built-in recombination system and do not require maintenance during their entire service life. For use as part of a wind turbine 1500, it is recommended to use 4 (four) serially connected batteries.

• operating voltage - 12 V;
• nominal capacity - not less than 100 Ah.

3. DC voltage converters from 48 V to 24 V, and from 48 V to 12 V.

They are a complete functional device in a separate housing with input and output terminals. They convert the input DC voltage 48V coming from the power supply unit of the VEU 1500 into a DC voltage of 24V or 12V, suitable for powering consumers in the power range from 10 to 1200W, as well as for charging secondary batteries.

4. Converters of direct voltage 48 V to alternating single-phase 220 V, 50 Hz (inverters).

They are a complete functional device in a separate housing with input and output terminals. They convert the input DC voltage of 48 V coming from the power supply unit of the VEU 1500 into an AC single-phase voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz, suitable for supplying consumers with a power of up to 2 kW.

5. Device for water lifting UVP 0,1

Designed for mechanization of water lifting from shaft wells, tubular wells and other water sources with dynamic water level up to 30m. The product includes an electric pump of the "Kid" or "Nevka-1" type with a set of lines, as well as an electronic pump control unit. The device can be powered either directly from the VEU 1500 power supply unit or from a separate DC voltage source.

• maximum power consumption - 150 W;
• supply voltage - 12 (24, 48) V;
• productivity depending on the height of water rise (1-30 m) can be from 200 to 850 liters per hour.

6. Tubular electric heater TEN-M-1,5 for heating liquids.

Designed for installation in sealed containers for boiling water, as well as for installation in water heating systems of stationary objects. Rated power -1,5 kW; Operating voltage - 48 V;

Case material - stainless steel 12X18H9T.

7. Planar heater for drying clothes and shoes.

It is a complete functional device in a separate metal case, inside which there is a set of heating plates with a total area of ​​1,2 sq.m. Each plate is a low-temperature heater made of a special composite material. The use of such heaters allows you to lay things on it for drying without the occurrence of fire hazard situations. Power can be supplied either directly from the power supply unit of the wind turbine 1500 or from a separate DC voltage source.

• rated power - 1,5 kW;
• operating voltage - 48 V;
• body material - AMG-6M;
• working temperature of plates - no more than 80°C;
• dimensions - 550x300x350, mm;
• weight - 4,7 kg.

Estimated cost of wind turbine 1500 and a set of equipment can be from 4 to 800,00 US dollars, depending on the configuration.

Author: Magomedov A.M.

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