Photovoltaic installations. Solar power plants. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Solar power plants (SPP) are designed to provide, using the energy of the sun, electricity (direct and alternating current) to any objects in remote areas that have connections with a centralized power supply or in electrically deficient areas. The principle of operation of SPP is based on the perception of solar energy by elements of single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon and their direct conversion of incident solar energy into electrical energy.

Design

Structurally, the SPP consists of separate solar batteries (modules) of the same type. In turn, each module consists of individual photovoltaic cells of a round or pseudo-square shape, but depending on the required electrical parameters of the module, it can also be assembled from parts of a circle.

The modular principle of construction of the SPP allows to manufacture and supply to the customer sets of almost any required power. The units are designed to supply consumers with electricity during the daytime and to simultaneously charge batteries to use electricity at night.

The composition of the solar power plant:

• solar batteries (modules);
• rechargeable batteries;
• Charger;
• voltage transformer;
• a set of switching equipment and cables;
• load-bearing structure.

Operating principle

It is based on the direct conversion of light energy into electrical energy by elements of single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon. During the daytime, the power supply of various consumer devices is produced directly from photovoltaic modules, and at night from a battery that is recharged during daylight hours. In case of peak loads during the day, which may exceed the capacity of the photovoltaic module, automatic connection of the batteries is provided.

Application

The main areas of application of solar power plants:

• electrification of individual residential buildings, buildings, cottages, dachas, livestock farms, etc.;
• provision of autonomous power supply for automatic radio and light beacons, instruments of meteorological stations;
• illumination at night of signs and indexes on highways;
• power supply of installations for lifting water from underground horizons;
• supplying power to signaling and lighting systems, as well as radio relay stations.

Technical characteristics of some SPPs are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2. Technical characteristics of SEU

Author: Magomedov A.M.

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