The choice of wind generator. Scheme, description

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The choice of wind generator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The use of electricity from the wind is economically beneficial at average annual wind speeds of more than 5 m/s, or in the absence or irregular supply of mains electricity.

There are both domestic and foreign manufacturers of wind turbines on the market.

You should not get carried away looking for wind turbines that start working at low wind speeds - up to 3 m / s, since at these wind speeds its energy is negligible.

When the wind generator is operating in rain or snow, the output power is reduced by 10 - 30%.

Particular attention should be paid not only to the power of the wind generator, but also at what wind speed this power can be obtained. Some sellers provide inflated figures. To do this, do not be too lazy to calculate, using a simple formula, the power that a windmill with a propeller of a specific diameter is capable of delivering. This power practically depends only on the wind speed V and the propeller diameter D, and all other factors - the number of blades, their weight, area, profile, twist, generator, bearings, etc. - minor and big errors do not give. A simplified formula for calculating the power actually given off by the wind, depending on the wind speed and the diameter of the propeller:

P = D2V3 / 7000, kW, with an accuracy of ± 20% (depends on the efficiency of the propeller and generator).

With equal power of the wind generator, choose the one with the larger diameter of the wind wheel. When choosing a wind generator, it must be borne in mind that the most cost-effective power output under the wind conditions of your area can be obtained at twice the average annual wind speed, which can be called nominal. For the Moscow region, Vav. year = 4 m/s, a Vnom = 8 m/s. For a wind turbine with a propeller diameter of 5 m, P = 52 - (4x2) 3 / 7000 = 1,83 kW. Thus, the rated power of the wind generator will not exceed 2 kW with a propeller diameter of 5 m, and more powerful wind turbines with the same propeller diameter will not give practically any gain, but their price will be higher. For vcp. year = 5,5 m / s (in coastal and steppe regions), Vnom = 11 m / s, the rated power will be P = 52 (5,5x2) 3 / 7000 = 4,75 kW, which corresponds to a wind turbine with a rated power 5 kW and a screw with a diameter of 5 m.

When comparing prices from different manufacturers, be sure to consider the composition of the equipment sold to you and its functionality. The wind generator is a whole complex, which necessarily includes:

wind power unit - generator, blades, attachment point to the mast; in addition, this may include a propeller speed controller (centrifugal, mechanical) and a wind orientation device (tail or windrose);
the mast can be either special or constructed from a water pipe or pole. Here you can save money, as a special mast is quite expensive.
If you need to store electricity in case of calm, you will have to acquire the following equipment:
rechargeable batteries (car);
power processing unit and battery charging unit (SEZA Unit);
voltage converter (inverter) - 220V/50Hz.

The cost of such a configuration of a wind generator starts from 100 thousand rubles. for 1 kW.

A temporary calm will help to survive the battery station, which stores electricity during strong winds. But if the wind is weak for a long time, and at that time you consume electricity as usual, then sooner or later the battery will be discharged. In areas with a low average annual wind speed - up to 5 m / s, for complete autonomy of power supply, I recommend additionally installing a 2 kW gas-powered unit that will charge the batteries during a calm period

It is economically feasible to use a wind generator for heating a house only if the average annual wind speed is more than 5-6 m/s.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

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