Acoustic machine. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Clocks, timers, relays, load switches

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The automaton described in the article, in addition to its main function - switching on and off four loads according to the number of handclaps, can control any lighting effects device. Its use will also make it possible to construct a dynamic light load.

In most lighting effects devices, a master oscillator is used, the frequency of which is controlled by a variable resistor. The speed of switching lamps or garlands does not match the tempo of the music, and you have to manually reconfigure the generator for each melody. The proposed acoustic machine (see diagram) allows you to switch garlands in accordance with the tempo of the music. In the absence of sound, the lamps switch with a minimum frequency, set by selecting the resistor R11.

The acoustic machine in the original version controls the lighting effects device (see "To help the radio amateur", 1990, No. 108); the relay of the fourth channel is used to turn it on. The sensitivity of the machine is adjusted by the trimming resistor R8 so that it reacts to music, but does not switch the switching channels of the loads. Practice shows that in addition to the fourth channel involved, you can use the second or third, and refuse the first altogether, since with a sharp increase in sound volume, it may work.

(click to enlarge)

From the VM1 microphone, the signal is fed to the input of the limiting amplifier, made on the K538UN1A microcircuit. After amplification, the signal is detected by the diodes VD5, VD6 and fed to the base of the transistor VT1. A resistor optocoupler U1 is included in its collector circuit, which controls the generator of the lighting effects device. With an increase in sound volume, the transistor VT1 opens slightly, the output resistance of the optocoupler decreases, which leads to an increase in the speed of switching garlands.

With an accented clap, the transistor Vt1 opens completely, the waiting multivibrator starts on the elements DD3.3, DD3.4, which generates a low-level pulse with a duration of about 0.1s (determined by the resistance of the resistor R3 and the capacitance of the capacitor C2). On the edge of this pulse, the second waiting multivibrator is launched on the elements DD3.1, DD3.2, which also generates a low-level pulse with a duration of approximately 1.5 s. During this time (determined by the resistance of the resistor R1 and the capacitance of the capacitor C1), the DD1 chip counts the pulses corresponding to the number of pops. For example, there were four At the output 4 of the counter-decoder DD1, a high level voltage will be set.

After a four-second pulse at the control input of the DD2 chip (pin 14), the low logic level will change to a high one. At the output of the fourth (from the top in the diagram) logic element of the DD2 microcircuit, a high level voltage will also be set. It goes to the input R of the counter-decoder DD1, resetting it, and, at the same time, switches the trigger DD5.2. The opened transistor VT5 controls the electromagnetic relay K4, which connects the corresponding load with its contacts (not shown in the diagram). LED HL4 signals the inclusion of the fourth channel of the machine.

The C3R6 derivation circuit resets all triggers when the machine is powered on.

Block A1 can only be used alone to control the lighting effect device. If this is not necessary, instead of optocoupler U1, a 1 kΩ resistor is included in the collector circuit of transistor VT10.

Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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