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In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers.
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Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>
Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>
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Improvement of clean methanol fuel cells
12.12.2020
Due to the many environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels, many scientists around the world are focused on finding effective alternatives. While there are high hopes for hydrogen fuel cells, the reality is that transporting, storing, and using pure hydrogen comes with huge additional costs, making it difficult for today's technologies. In contrast, methanol (CH3O3), a type of alcohol, does not require refrigeration, has a higher energy density, and is easier and safer to transport. Thus, a transition to a methanol-based economy is a more realistic goal.
However, generating electricity from methanol at room temperature requires a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), a device that has so far offered poor performance. One of the major problems with DMFCs is the undesired "methanol oxidation" reaction that occurs during the transition of methanol, "that is, as it passes from the anode to the cathode. This reaction results in the destruction of the platinum (Pt) catalyst, which is essential to the operation of the cell. While certain strategies have been proposed to mitigate this problem, none have been good enough so far due to cost or stability issues.
A group of scientists from Korea came up with a creative and effective solution. They made - using a relatively simple procedure - a catalyst consisting of Pt nanoparticles enclosed in a carbon shell. This shell forms an almost impermeable carbon network with small holes caused by nitrogen defects. Although oxygen, one of the main reactants in DMFC, can reach the Pt catalyst through these "holes", the methanol molecules are too large to pass through.
"The carbon shell acts like a molecular sieve and provides selectivity for the desired reactants that can actually reach the sites of the catalyst. This prevents unwanted reaction of the Pt nuclei," explains Prof. Oh Jung Kwon from Incheon National University (Korea), who led the study.
The scientists conducted various experiments to characterize the general structure and composition of the prepared catalyst, and proved that oxygen can pass through the carbon shell, but methanol cannot. They also found an easy way to control the number of defects in the casing by simply changing the temperature during the heat treatment step. In subsequent experimental comparisons, their new purified catalyst outperformed commercial Pt catalysts and also showed much higher stability.
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