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WONDERS OF NATURE
Nahuel Huapi. Nature miracle
The Nahuel Huapi National Park in Argentina, in the provinces of Neuquen and Rio Herpo, covers an area of about 800 hectares. It was created in 000 by the famous naturalist of Argentina, Dr. Francisco Perito Moreno (1903–1852). Initially, the country's first national park covered an area of 1919 hectares between Puerto Blest and Frias Lake. In 8000, the protected area was expanded to 1907 hectares, and in 43 it reached its present size. After the Conservation Law was passed in 000, Nahuel Huapi became Argentina's first national park.
The attraction of the park is the extinct volcano Tronador with a height of 3554 m above sea level (in Spanish, tronador means loud, thundering). It rises above a belt of forests and numerous lakes of glacial origin. The main peak of Tronador is El Principal. From the top of Tronador, from its sheer cliffs, eight glaciers slide into deep gorges. In the glaciers of Tronador, the Frias River is born, carrying matte green waters.
Another attraction of the park and its decoration is Lake Nahuel Huapi, located at an altitude of 767 m, about 70 km long and with an area of 530 sq. km. It is very deep, with steep banks, navigable. Other lakes are connected with this lake (Gutierrez, Perito Moreno, Correntoso, Gallardo, Frias, Frey, etc.). On the lake is a large island with an area of 3700 hectares - Victoria. It is known for the ruins of ancient structures and rock carvings, some of which are 9 years old. There are five small lakes on the island. Forests of huge cedars and evergreen beeches are well preserved here. The age of some beeches up to 40 m high and 2 m in diameter reaches 500 years. In the forests of the Andes, Patagonian larches 30–35 m high and 2–3 m in diameter rise above the southern beeches. They look like California redwoods. Their trunks are braided with vines, various epiphytes settle on them. The Ketrihue peninsula cuts into the expanse of Lake Nahuel Huapi, on which forests of arrayana grow - trees with trunks, intricately curved, with smooth cinnamon-colored bark. During the flowering period, they are literally strewn with white flowers, and during the fruit ripening period, the forest turns purple-bronze. The Brazo-Bleet bay of Nahuel Huapi Lake is very deep. Its shores rise in steep walls from the water, reminiscent of the Norwegian fjords or the channels of Tierra del Fuego. There are many car tours in the national park. But the greatest demand is for the "round the world" with a length of 280 km (Bariloche, the Limay River, Traful, Correntoso and Espejo lakes, the town of La Angostura, the northeast coast of Lake Nahuel Huapi, Limay and again Bariloche). Traveling through the park, tourists enter the Enchanted Valley, where you can see formations of the Tertiary period, changed by erosion and time. For their bizarre forms, they were given the names Castle, Finger of God, Penitent, Pensive India, etc. Traful Lake (32 km long, up to 3 km wide) is rich in salmon. On the shore of the lake is the town of Traful with hotels and a marina. Lake Correntoso (length about 40 km), located at an altitude of 816 m above sea level, is surrounded on all sides by a humid beech forest. The Correntoso River, only 100 m long, flows out of the lake. There are mammals in the park. But there are no large ones, except for the acclimatized European deer and fallow deer, which have bred in large numbers (therefore, the regulation of their numbers was begun). Occasionally, one can see a pudu deer here, only 30–35 cm tall, with short horns. Mouse opossums live in the forests. In streams there is Darwin's rhinoderm frog, the male of which keeps fertilized eggs in his throat pouch until the tadpoles themselves jump out of their mouths. Few American rhea ostriches survive. Ducks - shelducks - nest in the steppe. A few armadillos. Hippocamelus, guanaco, vicuna, chinchilla also live here. In hard-to-reach places, the cougar is found - the second largest cat in North America. She was called panther, leopard, mountain or Mexican lion. Unlike other wild cats, the cougar does not show ferocity towards humans. But this did not save her from the cruel persecution of white settlers (the Indians did not hunt the cougar - they revered her). The cougar is very similar to the panther, but differs from it in its graceful and graceful build. Its color is always monotonous - gray or reddish (cougar kittens are born spotted, like panthers, and with age the spots disappear). In the south of Patagonia, the cougar does not exceed 1,22 m in length and weighs no more than 30–40 kg. When attacking, the cougar develops a speed of up to 18 m / s, jumps from a place to 7–8 m, climbs trees superbly. It hunts mainly moose and deer. The cougar lives alone. Each animal occupies a plot of 15-40 square meters. miles and does not allow rivals on it. In North America, the cougar has no serious enemies, and in South and Central America, the cougar has a very dangerous enemy - the jaguar, which is much stronger than it, but the cougar is lighter and more agile. Puma can attack wild and domestic animals. Climbing into the pen, she cuts 6-7 cows or sheep at once (while the jaguar always kills only one animal). Therefore, the profession of tigreros has long existed - a hunter for jaguars and cougars. True, now the situation has changed somewhat: there are few cougars and jaguars left, so they are protected almost everywhere, and often the government pays farmers compensation for livestock killed by predators. There are many birds in the park: badly flying tanaculos, black Magellanic woodpecker, Chilean hummingbirds, wedge-tailed parrots. The condor is on the verge of extinction. The lakes are inhabited mainly by loons. There are also ducks, black-necked swan, gulls and cormorants. On the southern shore of the lake is the center of the national park - the city of San Carlos de Bariloche, which is connected to the capital by regular air and rail links. Tourists arriving here certainly visit the F. Moreno Museum, which contains relics of missionaries, conquerors of this region, and presents household items of the local population. Nahuel Huapi National Park is open all year round, but there are two tourist seasons: winter (July-September) and summer (January-March). National ski competitions are held here at the beginning and at the end of the season. A large ski station is located 20 km from the city. Lifts have been built for the convenience of tourists. From November 1 to April 15, fishing is allowed in the lakes of the Nahuel Huapi Park under the licenses of the General Directorate of the National Park. A license is also issued for shooting red deer on Lake Victoria. Alpinists, or, as they are called here, Andinistas, also go to the park (in 1931, the Andino Bariloche club was created, which equipped mountain shelters on the slopes of the mountains). In addition to the Nahuel Huapi National Park, another national park, Los Glasres, is located in the Patagonia region (it was founded in 1937). The most notable in the park are the large glacial lakes Viedma and Lago Argentino. One of the glaciers that dumps its flows into the lake is Perito Moreno, declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is better to go to the famous glacier from El Calafate, which has retained its provincial appearance. It is dominated by small houses with peaked roofs and walls painted in pastel colors. El Calafate is named after a local plant that produces blue berries that are used to make delicious marmalade. The legend says: whoever tries it will definitely come back here. After a two-hour journey, tourists reach the spurs of the Cordillera. Passing through the gates of the national park, travelers will see a seemingly unreal giant formation up to 70 m high from a bluish-white ice mass. It rises between mountain ranges and keeps its "tongue" in the lake. Something constantly crackles in the glacier. Or maybe suddenly an unimaginable roar can be heard - a piece of ice several tons in size breaks into the water. The glacier and the peninsula are separated by the so-called Iceberg Channel, which is only 5 m wide. Therefore, it happened that ice masses blocked the channel. Naturally, in the southern part of Lago Argentino, which is fed by glaciers, there is no runoff of water. Gradually, the water level rises here by 20 m or more, and water breaks through the top of the glacier every three to four years, which is why the glacier continues to grow. Perito Moreno is beautiful at any time of the year. Its pointed peaks shimmer with multi-colored "lights", sparkle in the sun. The most courageous undertake to conquer the glacier. The inscription on the shields installed here warns that more than one daredevil who climbed the hulk was killed by ice fragments. Tourists take their first steps on the ice accompanied by guides, who first of all attach devices with spikes 3 cm long to the travelers' shoes. In 1934, Argentina passed a law on the protection of nature, according to which the country's national parks are museums in nature, reserves where local species of plants and animals can freely develop. It is also noted that national parks have economic, cultural, aesthetic and scientific significance. National parks in Argentina are divided into three zones. The first zone includes areas of virgin nature, or inviolable zones. The second zone includes areas that have degraded for various reasons (landscape restoration work is envisaged here). The third zone is made up of recreational areas - roads, hotel complexes, facilities and service industries, etc. Argentine environmentalists believe that the territory of the third zone should be reduced. Author: Yudina N.A.
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