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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during tire repair work. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This manual is intended for workers involved in the installation and dismantling of wheels, repair of tubes and tires. 1.2. Tire repair work is allowed for persons who have reached the age of 18, who have undergone a medical examination, industrial training, as well as briefings: introductory and at the workplace. 1.3. Periodic medical examination, on-the-job training and knowledge testing are carried out at least once a year. 1.4. Employees who have a break in the work for which they are hired for more than 3 years, and with increased danger for more than 12 months, must undergo training and testing knowledge on labor safety before starting independent work. 1.5. When changing the technological process or upgrading equipment, fixtures, transferring to a new temporary or permanent job, violation of safety requirements by employees that can lead to injury, accident or fire, as well as during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days, the employee must undergo an unscheduled briefing (with a corresponding entry in the briefing log). 1.6. Individuals who have become familiar with the features and methods of safe performance of work and have completed an internship for 2 to 14 shifts under the supervision of a foreman or foreman (depending on seniority, experience and nature of work) are allowed to work independently. 1.7. Permission to independently perform work (after checking the acquired knowledge and skills) is given by the head of work. 1.8. In the process of work, the following dangerous and harmful production factors may operate:
1.9. In the process of production activities, workers are exposed to the following dangerous and harmful factors:
1.9.1. Dangerous state of equipment:
1.9.2. Dangerous actions:
1.10. When performing work, use personal protective equipment:
1.11. Maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment operating in the zone of radioactive, chemical contamination, contamination with pesticides or other agrochemicals is not allowed until decontamination, degassing and neutralization of contamination. 1.12. Personal protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose and the administration should be notified in a timely manner of the need to clean, wash, dry and repair them. They are not allowed to be taken outside the enterprise. 1.13. Know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Do not smoke in the workplace, do not drink alcohol before and during work. Do not store food or eat in the workplace. 1.14. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and for which the supervisor has approved. 1.15. Persons who are not related to the work performed are not allowed to the workplace. Do not outsource your work to others. 1.16. Obey the safety signs. 1.17. Do not go behind electrical equipment fences. 1.18. Pay attention to the warning signals of trucks, cars, tractors and other types of moving vehicles. 1.19. Report to the manager about the noticed malfunctions of machines, mechanisms, equipment, violations of safety requirements and do not start work until appropriate measures are taken. 1.20. If the victim himself or with outside help cannot come to the medical institution (loss of consciousness, electric shock, severe injuries and fractures), inform the head of the household (employer), who is obliged to organize the delivery of the victim to the medical institution. Before arriving at a medical facility, provide the victim with first aid (first aid) and, if possible, calm him down, as excitement increases bleeding from wounds, worsens the body's protective functions and complicates the treatment process. 1.21. Employees are required to know the fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire equipment for other purposes. 1.22. Do not obstruct aisles and access to firefighting equipment. 1.23. Sand up spilled fuels and lubricants on the ground. Immediately remove the sand impregnated with oil products and take it to a place agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological station. 1.24. Dispose of used cleaning material in special metal boxes with lids. 1.25. Do not make fire in agricultural storage sectors. equipment on the territory of the machine yard and in the premises. 1.26. Do not store in the workplace flammable and combustible liquids, acids and alkalis in quantities exceeding the replacement need in a ready-to-use form. 1.27. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade and take measures to eliminate the source of ignition by means of fire extinguishing, and in the event of a fire at electrical installations, the first person who notices a fire must report this to the fire brigade responsible for electrical facilities, the head of the workshops. 1.28. In the event of a fire in the electrical installation itself or near it, first of all, before the arrival of firefighters, disconnect the electrical installation from the network. If this is not possible, then try to cut the wires (sequentially, one at a time) with a tool with insulated handles. 1.29. When extinguishing a fire, extinguish the source of ignition first. When using a foam fire extinguisher, direct the jet at an angle of 40 - 45 degrees to avoid splashing liquid. Start extinguishing from one edge, and then sequentially move to the other edge of the ignition source. 1.30. To extinguish small fires, flammable and combustible liquids, as well as solid combustible substances and materials, use foam fire extinguishers: manual types OHP-10, OP-M, OP-9MN; air-foam type OVP-5, OVP-10; mobile, transported on special trolleys, air-foam type OVP-100, OVP-250, OPG-100. In their absence, throw sand on the fire, cover it with felt or put it out in some other way. 1.31. To extinguish combustible substances and materials that cannot be extinguished with water or foam, as well as electrical installations under voltage, use carbon dioxide hand-held fire extinguishers of the type OU-2, OU-5, UP-2M, OU-8, OUB-3A, OUB-7A ; mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers such as OU-25, OU-80, OU-100, OSU-5; powder fire extinguishers of the type: manual - OP-1, OP-2, OP-5, OP-10, OPS-6, OPS-10; mobile - OP-100, OP-250, SI-2, SI-120, SZHB-50, SZHB-150, OP-50, OP-100. It is allowed to use dry, without impurities, sand. When using powder fire extinguishers, do not direct the powder jet at hot surfaces - an explosion is possible. 1.32. Do not use chemical foam or chemical foam fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire in an electrical installation that is energized. 1.33. A worker who violates the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, and if these violations are associated with causing material damage to the enterprise, the worker also bears financial responsibility in the prescribed manner. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on overalls and other personal protective equipment established for this type of work. Clothing should be buttoned up and tucked in, trousers should be over shoes, cuffs fastened, hair tucked under a tight-fitting headdress. Protect the skin from the action of solvents and oils with protective ointments (PM-1 or HIOT-6), pastes (IER-1, IER-2, Airo). 2.2. Check that the tools and devices used during work are in good condition, not worn out and meet safe working conditions. Non-mechanized tool 2.2.1. Wooden handles of tools must be made of seasoned hard and tough wood, smoothly processed, their surface must not have potholes, chips and other defects. The tool must be properly fitted and securely fastened. Percussion tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval handles with a thickened free end. The console on which the instrument is mounted must be wedged with a completed mild steel wedge. On the wooden handles of pressure tools (files, chisels, etc.) in the places of interface with the tool, metal (bandage) rings must be mounted. 2.2.2. Percussion instruments (chisels, cross-cuts, barbs) should not have cracks, burrs, work hardening; the occipital part of them should be smooth, free of cracks, burrs and bevels. The length of the manual chisel is at least 150 mm, their drawn part is 60 - 70 mm; blade sharpening angle - in accordance with the hardness of the processed materials. 2.2.3. Forging tongs and other devices for holding forgings being machined should be made of mild steel and match the dimensions of the forgings. To hold the forging without constant hand pressure, the tongs must have rings (spandery), and to protect the worker's fingers from injury, a gap (in the working position) between the tong handles is 45 mm, for which stops must be made. 2.2.4. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the keys must be parallel and free of cracks and nicks, and the handles must be free of burrs. Sliding keys must not have play in moving parts. 2.2.5. The ends of hand tools used for threading into holes during installation (crowbars for assembly, etc.) must not be knocked down. 2.2.6. Crowbars must be of circular cross section and have one end in the form of a spatula, and the other in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid. Scrap weight within 4 - 5 kg, length 1,3 - 1,5 m. 2.2.7. Pullers must have serviceable paws, screws, rods and stops. 2.2.8. The vise must be securely fastened to the workbench. Sponges must have a good notch. 2.2.9. The screwdriver should be with a straight shaft, firmly fixed on the handle. The screwdriver must have straight sides. 2.2.10. Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped handles. The jaws of the needle-nosed pliers are sharp, not chipped or broken, the pliers are with a good notch. 2.2.11. Hand scoops for collecting garbage should be made of roofing iron and should not have sharp ends and torn places. 2.2.12. Before using jacks, check:
electrified tool 2.2.13. All power tools and electrical appliances must have closed and insulated inputs (contacts) of the supply wires. In order to protect against mechanical damage and moisture, the wires of power tools and electrical appliances must be protected by rubber hoses and terminated with a special plug. 2.3. Arrange the working tool, fixtures and materials in the prescribed place, in a convenient and safe order for use. 2.4. Check the presence and serviceability of the warning signal equipment, fences, safety and blocking devices. 2.5. Check that the ground and neutral wires are securely connected to the equipment. 2.6. Turn on, if necessary, local lighting and check the ventilation. 2.7. Check the availability of fire fighting equipment and access to it. 2.8. When using an electrically driven compressor unit to inflate tires:
2.9. Before turning on the compressor, manually scrolling, check for jamming, shocks, shocks and extraneous sounds. 2.10. Test the compressor idling with air vented to the outside (idling time is set by the manufacturer). 2.11. After switching the compressor to the "Operation" mode, check the lubrication of the mechanisms, cooling and air pressure in the receiver. 2.12. If malfunctions of the devices are detected, the compressor unit cannot be put into operation. Report any deficiencies to the administration. It is possible to eliminate malfunctions of control and measuring equipment only with the permission and in the presence of a person responsible for the safe operation of compressor installations. 3. Labor protection requirements during work Tire repair work 3.1. Before hanging the tractor, s.-x. cars, etc. to remove the wheel, place the machine on a flat horizontal platform, brake it, place wooden wedges or metal stops under the non-suspended wheels, loosen the fastening of the wheel nuts (boots). After performing these operations, hang the wheel with a jack, unscrew the nuts or bolts and remove it. Dismantle one of the dual wheels using a jack. Do not dismantle by running one of the twin wheels over a protruding object. 3.2. When working with jacks:
3.3. Completely deflate the tire before removing the tire. Do not dismantle tires with air pressure higher than ambient pressure. 3.4. To separate the tire bead from the rim in stationary conditions, use special equipment. In the field, perform this operation using mounting blades. In special cases, place the tire under a tractor, car, etc. from the side opposite the valve, install a jack and lift the tractor with it, p.-x. car, etc. This separates the tire bead from the rim. To separate the other bead, repeat the operation by turning the wheel over. Do not knock out the wheel rims or separate the tire beads from the rim with a sledgehammer or hammer. 3.5. Before mounting, check that the tire and rim are complete. Their designation, types and dimensions must correspond to those indicated in the instruction manual for the machine of this model. If manufacturing or operational defects are found in the tires, do not use them for mounting. New tires must be equipped with new tubes. The same is recommended for retreaded tires. 3.6. Tires and tubes stored at negative temperatures should be kept at room temperature for 3-4 hours before installation. 3.7. Do not start mounting if deformation, cracks, sharp edges and burrs, rust at the points of contact with the tire or unacceptable wear of the edges of the mounting holes are found on the rims and their elements. 3.8. To prevent sand and dirt from getting inside the tire, perform installation work on a clean and dry area, and in the field - on a spread tarpaulin. Before installation, powder with talcum powder the contact points between the tire and the chamber. 3.9. Install tires with a directional tread pattern in such a way that the direction of the arrows on the sidewalls of the tire coincides with the direction of rotation of the wheel when the self-propelled equipment moves forward. When performing work, do not skew the chamber valve in the disc hole. 3.10. Inflate tires in a specially designated room with a fence that can protect maintenance personnel from being hit by wheel parts during spontaneous tire dismantling. 3.11. When inflating tires for air supply, use a hose equipped with a special tip that provides pressure on the spool needle for free air flow into the chamber. It is not recommended to unscrew the spools of tube tires when inflating. 3.12. After installing the tubed tire on a deep rim, inflate the tire to normal pressure, then deflate the tire and re-inflate to ensure the correct (no wrinkle) position of the tube in the tire. 3.13. In case of loose fit of the tire beads on the rim shelves, after inflating the air, release it from the tire, dismantle it and eliminate the cause that caused the loose fit of the tire beads, then remount the tire on the rim, inflate the tire and check the tightness of the beads. 3.14. Before inflating tires on bolted rims, make sure all nuts are tightened equally. Do not use a wheel with assembled rims that are missing at least one nut. 3.15. Inflate tires with a lock ring in two stages: first, to a pressure of 0,05 MPa (0,5 kgf/cm2) with checking the position of the lock ring, and then bring the pressure to normal. If the lock ring is found to be in the wrong position, bleed all the air from the tire being inflated, correct the position of the ring, and then repeat the above operations. Do not correct the position of the bead and lock rings when the tire is under pressure. When inflating tires in the field, to ensure safety, lay the wheel with the lock ring down or, if possible, lay the mounting spatula in the windows of the disk. 3.16. Check the tightness of valves with screwed-in spools with soapy water, which is applied to the valve opening. To protect the spools from contamination, complete all valves with metal or rubber caps. Do not replace spools with arbitrary plugs. 3.17. Inflate tires without dismantling if the air pressure in them has decreased by no more than 40% of the norm and there is confidence that the correct installation has not been violated. 3.18. When repairing cameras, clean the damaged area (puncture or cut up to 60 mm) with a grater or sandpaper, rinse with gasoline and coat with glue. When roughening damaged areas of the chamber on a sharpening machine, wear protective goggles and with the dust collector turned on. 3.19. Apply glue with a brush, the handle of which has a reflector that protects your fingers. 3.20. Cut the material into blanks and cut out damage using special knives and templates. The knife must have a serviceable handle and a sharply sharpened blade. Moisten knives with water when cutting to reduce the applied force. 3.21. The presence of gasoline, glue and other compounds containing gasoline in the workplace should not exceed the three-hour requirement. 3.22. Store gasoline and glue in a metal, tightly sealed container. 3.23. When repairing the chamber using an electric vulcanizer, apply a patch of raw rubber to the damaged area and, using a clamp, firmly press the heating element of the electric vulcanizer to the patch. Place a sheet of paper or cellophane on top of the patch. 3.24. Do not work on the electric vulcanizer:
3.25. For minor tire repairs, use a tire spreader to inspect the inside of the tire. 3.26. To remove metal objects, nails from the tire, use pliers, not a screwdriver, awl or knife. 3.27. Punctures in a tire with a diameter of up to 10 mm should be eliminated by setting fungi. Enter the fungus into the puncture from the inside of the tire until its cap fits snugly against the inner surface of the tire, having previously smeared the stem and cap of the fungus with glue. Perform this operation on a special stand or on a workbench using spacers or expanders. 3.28. When making repairs in areas where gasoline or rubber adhesive is used, use only copper, brass or wood tools to eliminate the possibility of sparks. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. When inflating tires, stop the compressor immediately:
4.2. After an emergency shutdown of the compressor, start it with the permission of the work manager. 4.3. In case of deterioration of health (suffocation, dizziness, etc.), immediately turn off the vulcanizer, tightly close containers with adhesives and solvents, notify the head of the department, consult a doctor. 4.4. Stop work immediately if smoke or a smell characteristic of burning rubber appears, as well as if the wiring of the electric vulcanizer is damaged or the temperature of the electric vulcanizer rises above the set value (140 - 150 degrees). 4.5. Turn off the electric vulcanizer with a general switch when the mains voltage fails. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Power off the equipment. Tidy up the work area, clean the equipment, wipe down the tools and fixtures, and put them in a designated place. 5.2. Do not leave the repaired unit with the wheels removed on the hydraulic lift (jack). When installing the machine on special stands, check their reliability. 5.3. Place all containers with gasoline and rubber glue, brushes and other tools in lockable metal boxes located in a specially equipped room. 5.4. Disconnect and put away the tire inflation hoses. 5.5. Inform the master about the existing problems in the operation of the equipment and about the measures taken to eliminate them. 5.6. Remove, clean and store personal protective equipment in the designated area. 5.7. Wash your face and hands. Take a shower. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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