Goofballs. Meaning, origin, examples of the use of phraseological units

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Winged words, phraseological units. Meaning, history of origin, examples of use

Winged words, phraseological units

Directory / Winged words, phraseological units

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bunglers

Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E.

Phraseologism: Goofballs.

Meaning: About people who are stupid, careless, negligent in any business.

Origin: The word was used in folk speech and was taken by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin from the "Proverbs of the Russian people" by V.I. Dahl. It became widespread as a result of its use by the great satirist in the "History of a City" (1869-1870). In the chapter “On the Root of the Origin of the Foolovites” (inhabitants of the city of Glupov), Saltykov writes: “There was ... in ancient times a people called bunglers ... These people were called bunglers because they had the habit of “pulling” their heads on everything, no matter what met on the way. If a wall comes across - they thrash against the wall, they start praying to God - they thrash against the floor ... "

Random phraseology:

geographical concept.

Meaning:

About illegal claims to someone else's territory.

Origin:

This expression arose from the phrase "Italy is a geographical concept" belonging to the Austrian statesman, diplomat Metternich (1773-1859). He used it in a memorandum to the great powers on 2 Aug. 1841 in the sense that Italy as a nation does not exist. With this formula, he expressed the firm confidence of the Austrian bureaucracy in its right to dominate the Italian regions. The same phrase was repeated by him in 1847, when the idea of the national unification of Italy and its liberation from the Austrian yoke became widespread. In one of his letters to the Austrian diplomat Osten-Prokesch dated November 19, 1849, Metter them wrote: “In my dispute with Lord Palmerston on the Italian question in the summer of 1847, I used the expression that the national concept "Italy" is a geographical concept. My expression: "L'ltalie est un nom geographique", which extremely angered Palmerston, won his right to citizenship.

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Psychiatrists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found out the mechanism of the formation of post-traumatic stress syndrome against the background of constant stress and have developed a cure for the mechanism of such unpleasant memories.

Many people in the world suffer from obsessive nightmares and fixation on memories of the trauma that happened to them, thus suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Scientists have found out the physiological mechanisms of this disease, which are formed under the influence of prolonged stress.

The whole process takes place in the brain's amygdala, one of whose functions is to encode fearful memories. In the brains of animals that develop PTSD after chronic stress and a traumatic event, it is in this region that serotonin enhances memory consolidation. Memory consolidation is the process of moving events from short-term memory to long-term memory, whereby some memories are literally encoded deeper into memory than others.

Under the influence of chronic stress, cells in the amygdala begin to actively produce 5-HT2C receptors, which bind to serotonin. When a traumatic event occurs, this increased sensitivity to serotonin encodes the memory more strongly in the brain than other memories, resulting in PTSD.

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