Man, way of life, society - Estates, old professions. Crosswordist's Handbook

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Man, way of life, society / Professions / Estates, old professions

(3)

HUSBAND - combatant

(4)

KMET - militia warrior

TIUN - manager

(5)

BARASH - carpet manufacturer

VOLKhV - priest

GUEST - merchant

GRID - vigilante

ZAKUP - peasant

OUTRAGE

КАЗАК

FIST - peasant

MERCHANT

OTROK - junior combatant

Scribe - petty official

RATAI - plowman

RYNDA - squire

SMERD - communal peasant

KHOLOP - serf

CHUMAK - salt carrier

(6)

POOR - peasant

BOBYL - peasant

BOYARIN

BURLAK

VIRNIK - fine collector

DVORNYA

MECHNIK - bailiff

HIRE - a peasant or a serf

PRASOL - a buyer of fish, meat, etc.

SIROTA - peasant

UZDEN - community member or feudal lord in the North Caucasus

SERVANTS

(7)

CHILDREN - junior combatant

KLECHNIK - managing tradesman

MOSTNIK - builder

RYADOVICH - commoner

Cub - monastic worker

artisan - craftsman

Rug - peasant

landlord

YARYZHNIK - poor man

(8)

BURMISTER - manager

GORODNIK - builder of fortifications

GUVERNER - educator

NOBLEMAN

BENEFICIARY - educator of the prince

MONTH - peasant

ladle - peasant

Posadnik - governor

SEREDNYAK - peasant

SERVANT - civil servant

STRADNIK - peasant

TYSYATSKY - head of the militia

USHKUINIK - 1) a member of the team of a flat-bottomed vessel, 2) a participant in aggressive raids

OFFICIAL

(9)

THE BUTLER

DRUZHINNIK

COMMON MAN

OGNISHCHANIN - landowner in Novgorod

FORGIVENER - freedman

SVOEZEMETS - small landowner

SUROZHANIN - merchant manufacturer

(10)

VALET

MAINTENANCE WOMAN

CAPITALIST

SHIPMAN - merchant

PEASANT

ODNODVORETS - peasant raznochinets

SEREBRENIK - peasant caretaker

OLD RESIDENT - peasant

(11)

GOVERNESS

ZAKHREBETNIK

SUSPENSION

COMMON

HANDICRAFT

TSELOVALNIK - 1) a judicial or financial officer in the XV-XVIII centuries, 2) a wine seller in the XIX century.

CHERNOSOSHNIK

(12)

INDUSTRIALIST

Word search to solve the crossword puzzle:

Replace each unknown letter with *. For example, dog * ka, * oshka, we ** a. Pairs е - ё, and - й are equated.

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James Tour (James Tour) and his fellow scientists at Rice University Laboratory have developed a flexible and ultra-thin battery, consisting of nanoporous nickel-fluoride electrodes, which "envelop" the electrolyte in layers. The model of the electrochemical capacitor presented by them has a thickness of only 0,025 cm, but in the future it can be easily scaled depending on the purpose of use. This will require either adding new layers or increasing their current sizes.

During testing by students at Rice University, the operation of a flexible plate battery was tested in practice. The device, small in size, successfully coped with a cycle of 10 charges and discharges, eventually losing 24% of its declared capacity before testing. The battery has also been tested for 1000 flex cycles. Of course, there have been attempts to develop such thin rechargeable batteries before, but their capacity at the time of their appearance left much to be desired, demonstrating significantly worse results compared to classic lithium-ion batteries.

“The materials previously used to create high-capacity batteries were very brittle in nature, so it was really difficult for us, as specialists, to find the right combination of elements to create a flexible battery with characteristics that meet all modern standards. The Laboratory had flexible systems at its disposal. However, we chose nickel fluoride as a more promising material with great potential. The system itself is both a battery familiar to users of mobile devices and at the same time a supercapacitor.

All this makes it possible to charge and discharge a flexible thin-film battery based on nickel fluoride at a sufficiently high speed and at a high current, spending the shortest possible time on this. But if you need to use the battery as a standard battery for mobile electronics, then the system is able to charge and discharge much more slowly,” one of the project participants said in an interview.

To create the supercapacitor, the scientists deposited a 900-nm layer of nickel fluoride on a special substrate with special 5-nm pore-holes. After that, the substrate was removed, and the electrolyte used in the structure in the form of a solution of potassium hydroxide in polyvinyl alcohol was "squeezed" into a single structure by electrode plates on both sides. As a result, specialists from the Laboratory managed to avoid the appearance of potential signs of deformation of the created flexible structure, and students in practice confirmed the assumption of the reliability of the development after the completed testing stage.

Everything described above is an extremely reliable, capacious system, which in turn is as simple as possible to create very powerful battery systems. Some companies have already expressed interest in further commercializing the project, which could prioritize the use of such nanobatteries in portable electronics and increasingly popular wearable gadgets such as smartwatches and medical bracelets.

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