Countries, peoples, languages - Cities of Africa. Sudan. Crosswordist's Handbook

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Crosswordist's Handbook

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Countries, peoples, languages / Countries of the world / Cities of Africa. Sudan

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Khartoum - the capital

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OMDURMAN

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Bacteria help plants survive heat 03.04.2021

Root microbes from heat-tolerant plants help wheat cope with temperature stress.

Plants relate to heat in different ways: in some, resistance to high temperatures is innate, in others it can be awakened by special methods. If we want to sow agricultural crops where it is very hot, then we must choose a special variety, or wait until it is developed. But breeding new varieties takes time, and they can be very capricious in other ways.

However, there is another trick that allows plants to endure heat - they establish cooperation with soil bacteria. It is known that the microflora around the roots is often very favorable for plants in the sense that it allows them to endure difficult circumstances: drought, high salt content in the soil, or, for example, high temperatures.

But if some bacteria are used to protecting some plants from the heat, will they also protect some other species? This was decided to check the staff of the University of Science and Technology named after King Abdullah and the University of Vienna. They took the bacteria SA187 from the genus Enterobacter, which lives right inside the roots of Indigo silver, a small shrub that grows in rather hot countries, from Egypt to India. Wheat seeds were covered with bacteria from indigofera, waited for plants to grow from them, and these plants were heated for two hours at 44 ° C. The wheat with the bacteria remained intact and continued to flower. But wheat without bacteria after such a heat stroke stopped growing, and its leaves began to turn yellow.

The next experiment went on for several years, while wheat was grown in a field near Dubai, where the air can warm up to 45 ° C (although wheat is usually grown here in winter, when the temperature is lower). Wheat with bacteria turned out to be 20-50% more productive than regular wheat.

Finally, the researchers were able to decipher the molecular mechanism by which bacteria protect plants from heat. It turned out that substances secreted by microbes are converted into ethylene in plant tissues. And ethylene works in plants as a hormone that helps resist temperature stress. That is, the bacteria helped the wheat turn on its own anti-stress genes.

The bacterial way to protect against stress is quite simple and apparently quite effective. In addition, bacteria can be used not only against temperature stresses, but also in other extreme conditions.

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